Moscow - one of the largest cities in the world, a city where many times to decide, fatal for the population of entire countries and even continents.Every year it is visited by 4.5 million foreign tourists.And for most of them the word "Russia", "Moscow" and "Kremlin" is in a sense synonymous, and they do not try to go beyond the traditional excursions to see famous and modern attractions of the capital, as well as get acquainted with its history.But the past of this city is incredibly interesting, as well as events that happen there every day.
Basics Moscow
According to the 2014, the population of Moscow is 12,108,257 people, 91% of whom are Russian.The city is located on the banks of the same river, in the central part of the East European Plain.At the same time Moscow is a city of federal significance, which are almost all the major organs of the state power, in addition to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
Beginning Moscow
Although it is assumed that the city was founded in 1147, the year, archaeological findings suggest that it at least 1,000 years.There is also reason to believe that the first inhabitants of these places were vyatichi.Thus, the exact date of formation of Moscow is not known.Why is 6 September 2014, the year in the Russian capital celebrated the 867th anniversary of the city?The fact that basic information about Moscow on the first centuries of its existence, is contained in the famous Ipatiev Chronicle.In particular, this is where you can read the first entry of the village with the same name, located on the site of the modern potter street.This monument of ancient literature mentions a meeting in the town of the Moscow Prince Yury Dolgoruky, Svyatoslav II of Kiev, as well as their friends in 1147, the year a day "Heel in his praise of the Virgin," which, according to researchers, is Saturday, April 4.
In addition, chronicles know that after 9 years old son of Yuri Dolgoruky - Andrei Bogolyubskii - based on Borovitsky hill a small wooden fort, which housed the prince's retinue.Around this fortification, and began to develop Moscow.The city's history also includes information that in 1177, the year the old fortress was burned by Prince Gleb - the ruler of Ryazan, and in its place built a new.
further history of Moscow
In the 13th century the city became the center of an independent principality and for the next 100 years, survived the Horde invasion, plague and treacherous attack and looting of the army of Khan Tokhtamysh.Despite all these developments, Moscow is gradually becoming one of the most important economic, cultural, religious and political center of Russia.Especially a lot for the development of the city at that time did Prince Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy.In particular, basic information about Moscow at the time show that the first of them built of oak, and the second - white-stone Kremlin.
the following important events in the history of Moscow began the proclamation of the king Ivan the Terrible Moscow and All Russia and the establishment there of the patriarchate in 1589.
Moscow from the 17th to the 20th century
untold increased the role of the city in the life of Russia in the first kings of the Romanov dynasty, when it was the capital of the state, which has a vast territory.That's what has been pre-Petrine Moscow!The history of the city in the next century, not devoid of interesting events.However, from 1712, the year the capital was the St. Petersburg, however, all the monarchs, who ascended to the throne of the Russian Empire, continued to be crowned in Moscow.Moreover, in 1812 the city became a huge fiery trap for Napoleon and the protection of the country.
Moscow in the 20th century
After the revolution of 1917, the city regained its status as the capital and began to change before our eyes.In particular, in Moscow there was underground, was built Moscow, began active development of the former suburbs.At the same time it destroyed many monuments of religious architecture, including the Holy Monastery, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior Church of the Assumption, and others.
Since the beginning of its formation "Soviet" Moscow.The city's history of that period contains a tragic page associated with its heroic defense during the Great Patriotic War, when hundreds of thousands of people sacrificed their lives to prevent the enemy to enter the favorite capital.All the more joyful was a day when the famous Red Square Victory Parade, which marked the end of the worst war in human history.As for the post-war period, in 1947, it was celebrated the 800th anniversary of Moscow, initiating the formation of a tradition that is still alive today, and in 1950 appeared in the city so-called "Seven Sisters".Among the significant events that occurred in the capital of the Soviet Union, it should be noted as the Olympics-80, for which the city has built 15 new sports facilities and the same hotel.
Start of the post-Soviet period in the history of Moscow
As you know, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, and on the political map of the world appeared the Russian Federation, or as it is often called in the world, Russia.Moscow became the capital of the federal state with the most extensive area in the world, consisting of 85 subjects.In 1995, it was approved by these new official symbols of the Russian capital as its flag, emblem and anthem.
Earlier, the restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was blown up by the Bolsheviks, as well as other religious shrines destroyed during the rebellion.Thus, the modern Moscow began to emerge, based on the traditions of previous centuries.
most significant new architectural structures
capital since the beginning of the 2000s in Moscow were built many skyscrapers that have changed the city's appearance.Among these objects stand out the building of the international business center "Moscow City", which are located on an area of about 100 hectares.In addition, it was built and other skyscrapers intended for housing and offices.Thus, the modern Moscow is gradually becoming a city where high-rise buildings, towers of glass and concrete are no longer a rarity.However, such structures are sometimes "grown up" in historical areas and spoil their appearance as not in harmony with the surrounding urban landscape.Fortunately, since 2008, this construction method, called "infill development", was banned.
New
monuments of the capital in the past two decades piggy Moscow attractions enriched with many new monuments and turobektov.For example, very interesting is the sculptural composition "Children - victims of adult vices."Also, visitors to the city worth seeing sculptural portraits of the heroes of the stories by Conan Doyle, a monument Nikulin, Fountain "Pushkin and Natalie", Luzhkov bridge.And, of course, not to mention the giant monument to Peter the Great, who, despite conflicting views about its artistic value, has become one of today's most recognizable sights of the capital.In addition, you should definitely see the monument to the heroes of World War I, established in 2014.
In this article, you get basic information about Moscow, its history and modern attractions.This city is proud of Russia.His one must necessarily see with your own eyes.
