Any organization operating in a market economy, it is peculiar that some of its assets framed by accounts payable.Generally, it is a specific legal category, meaning part of the property, subject to its outstanding financial relationship between the company and the creditor.In this article, we consider that such accounts payable?This is what we have or do we?Also, determine how to account for its enterprise, what is necessary to carry out its analysis and what consequences arise as a result of delay in debt.
Feature
first step is to characterize the accounts payable as a legal category for the organization.In fact, that portion of equity that is bought at the expense of third-party funds - this is payable.The definition of debt states that it is issued for a fixed term and non-refundable.Accordingly, payable after a certain time will have to cover.
Enterprise Property consists of both own funds acquired from the authorized capital and profits, and debt.Both - the inevitable part of the business process.By payables include not only money but also the value of the commodity purchased in material credit.Based on this, we get the answer to the question: "Accounts payable - we have or do we?" After all, it is the direct determination of the debt obligation.Accordingly, the company assumes its debts to creditors.
main varieties
accounts payable are classified depending on the characteristics of the lender.There are the following types.
1. Payables to the budget and extra-budgetary funds.In particular, do taxes and payments in funds, as well as fines and penalties.
2. Accounts payable to employees of the organization.In particular, debts on payment of wages.
3. Accounts receivable for goods, works and services to other organizations, as well as debts on payment of dividends and others.
Dividends payable is a debt to the founders to pay their income in the distribution of profits.She on the grounds that at the time the balance sheet calculated dividends may not be paid.This means that a certain amount ingested in amounts payable.
As a result, we can derive the definition of accounts payable, meaning that the organization:
- should be a certain amount in favor of the natural or legal persons, formed as a result of financial relations;
- has debts in the form of invoices for delivery of credit or payment in installments.
Accounting credit debts
for accounting can be divided three types of creditor debt.The basis for this classification are the terms on which is made payable.We have in this case to other businesses, employees and funds under certain conditions.If the lender stipulated delay of payment, then this debt is characterized as nominal.If such a delay up to one year in the accounting record as a short-term debt.If time passes over this period, the debt grows into a long-term.There is a nuance.When long-term debt exceeds three years, and the lender does not submit a claim for its repayment, then spend it in the account cancellation.
need to analyze
Accounts payable and accounting as a legal concept is important for the effective operation of the organization.Again raise the question: "Accounts payable - we have or do we?" To define the basic essence of this concept is the obligation.So, payables can directly affect the profit, the operation of the organization, bankruptcy.Therefore, the analysis of its formation, maturity and management plays an important role in the whole process of the company's existence.
Consideration of debt to creditors is carried out on the basis of the accounting totals, in particular the balance sheet and attached thereto form № 5. On the basis of the final figures in the accounting forms, certain factors are calculated, showing what proportion of liabilities takes payable, how it affectsthe liquidity and solvency of the organization.Good governance, indicators describing the timing of repayment.
arrears
When a company has not paid the debt to the creditor within the contract period, and did not pay the invoice, payable becomes overdue category.In this situation, the borrower in an effort to protect their statutory rights may apply to the courts.The lender says the statement of claim and teasing him all legitimate documents proving financial claims.
citizen must be remembered that this situation will ruin his reputation and image of the lower sales on the market of such organizations.In addition, there will be additional costs in the form of court fines and penalties.
Accounts payable on which the statute of limitations has expired
According division considered debts which including more than one year, the limit on the duration of long-term debt are not provided.But it is believed that if the borrower after three years does not impose requirements for the return, then this amount in the account is debited.
Accounts payable on which the statute of limitations has expired, is deducted for each individual undertaking.The amount is determined by the results of the inventory.
not have a debt write-off period for taxes and levies as well as fines and penalties on them.The rest of the creditors have the right to terminate the duration of long-term debt and to demand repayment of the entire amount.
In conclusion remains to note that there is a simple answer to the question: "Accounts payable - we have or do we?" This is done on the basis of the definition of a creditor - the person providing funds on the condition return.This debt - is not just a money loan.It may be material and economic values necessary for the smooth organization of financial and economic activity.
