In 1914 held a special census.Its purpose - acting monasteries in Russia, their number and the number of people living in them.At that time we counted 1025 active monasteries.Under Soviet rule left their 16. According to the 2013, in Russia there are about 700 monasteries, but this figure varies as constantly open up new abode.
Monasteries of Moscow: history
to shape Russian capital is very characteristic of the majestic building of the cathedrals, churches, monasteries.The oldest of them - the Epiphany, and Danilov, founded in the second half of the XIII century.Large-scale construction of the monastery began in the late XIV century.At this time in the city appeared Miracles, Andronnikov Simonov, Sretensky, Christmas monasteries.Most of Moscow's churches appeared in the XVI-XVII centuries.It should be noted that at this time, not only appear abode, but closed.For example, in 1626 it ceased to exist Elias Monastery.Several monasteries were closed during the reign of Peter I.
first geodesic plan for the city, published in 1739, showed all the monasteries of Moscow (acting).At the time they were 28. Four of them were closed in the same century.
Lost monastery
After the revolution (1917), all the monasteries of Moscow were abolished.Some of them were completely destroyed and in their place build new buildings.So gone Voznesensky and Chudov monasteries and Zlatoust, Passion and Nikita.Some (a very small part) have become museums.This is Don, Novodevichy Convent.Only in the late '90s the situation started to improve church cloisters.Most of the remaining monastic buildings restored church.In many mansions and now undergoing restoration.Today in Moscow 22 active monasteries.With some of them we will acquaint you today.
active monastery in Moscow
First of all I would like to tell you about the St. Daniel, Danilovsky or how often it is called, monastery.It is the residence of His Holiness the Patriarch.It is the oldest Moscow monastery, founded in 1282 the son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil.After his death he was buried in the area.Nearly four centuries, his remains were moved to a different location, and in the 80s in the Danilov Monastery returned.
In 1812, the monastery was ruined by the French, and then restored.During the rule of the Bolsheviks it was closed, churchyard demolished.Burial famous people of Russia - Nikolai Gogol, Nikolai Rubinstein, Nikolai Iazykov were moved to the Novodevichy Convent.From 1931 to 1983 in this area was a colony for juvenile offenders.
In 1983 he returned to the holy abode of the Orthodox Church and is fully restored.
It is located at the address - Danilovsky shaft 22 (metro station "Tula).
Male Donskoy Monastery
Founded in 1593 by the son of Ivan the Terrible, Fyodor Ivanovich.First in his place during the battle with the Crimean Khan Giray, was marching church.According to the legend, the victory of Russian troops helped win the Don icon of the Mother of God.She is now in the Tretyakov Gallery.
Donskoy Monastery were plundered and destroyed - in the early 1600's and in the care of the French troops, in 1812.
In 1917 it was closed, and its territory was founded the Museum of Architecture.
In 1991 Donskoy monastery, unfortunately, a long delay was handed over to the Moscow Patriarchate.This date can be considered as the second day of his birth.Since then, the monastery once again valid.
Abode is located at - Don area, 1 (metro station "Shabolovskaya").
Novospassky Monastery
It is also called the Tsar, because for centuries buried in its territory of royalty and members of the grand names.It was founded in the XIII century, Prince Daniel.It was postponed several times.The current monastery, photos of which you can see in this article, was built in 1645.
After the revolution the monastery, like many others, was closed.Its territory is organized prison of the NKVD.Churchyard with graves Zakharins, Romanov and other princely families were savagely destroyed.After the Second World War here was located sobering-up station.Since 1968, a museum in the monastery restoration.Since then, restoration work began here in the surviving buildings.
In 1990, he was returned to the Orthodox believers and again began to exist as a functioning monastery.
his address - Peasant area, 10 (metro station "Proletarian", "Country").
Monastery Moscow (existing) female
pre-revolutionary Moscow is proud of its church buildings.Churches and cathedrals enthralled the foreign guests.Here you can appreciate the convents of the capital.
Alexius monastery
oldest convent, founded in 1360 by Metropolitan Alexy in Chertolye, on a hill above the River Mosca, at the time named.The stone cathedral church was built by the order of Ivan the Terrible's father, praying for the birth of an heir in 1514.The monastery burned a few times, but he recovered.In 1547 it burned to the ground.In 1584, Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction Alexius monastery in a new place where there is now the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.Some novices did not want to leave the ashes of a burnt-out monastery, and at this point the church was rebuilt and named Conception.So far, thousands of believers are praying hard for the long-awaited conception.
In Soviet times, many of the premises of the monastery were bombed, some destroyed.On the territory of a children's colonies and prisons.
In the 90 years the monastery returned to the Orthodox Church.By 2010 it was completely restored and newly acquired status - active monastery.Photos you can see in this article, and its address is - 2nd Zachatievsky lane 2 (metro station "Park Kultury", "Kropotkin").
Novodevichy Convent
he erected Prince Vasily III at the return of the ancient city of Smolensk to Moscow principality, in 1524.
In the old days it was the most privileged and very rich monastery of the country.It came a woman of noble birth, and vows to donate their jewels, gold, pearls and silver.
the beginning of the XVII century was already formed a magnificent ensemble, created in the style of Moscow baroque.Openwork crown decorated with towers, was built by the second highest bell tower in Moscow, as well as the Church of the Assumption and the refectory.
history Novodevichy Monastery keeps the secrets of novices who were in it against their will.It languished in captivity, the first wife of Peter I, Evdokia Lopuchin, Boyar Morozova, Princess Sophia.
By happy coincidence, the monastery survived in 1812.However, after 1917, he did not escape the fate that awaited all the monasteries of Moscow.The current at the time the new authorities shut it down in 1922.Here started the Museum of the emancipation of women, which was later transformed into an art museum.You can find it at the address - Novodevichy proezd, 1 (metro station "Sport").
Nativity monastery
All the monasteries of Moscow - existing and already lost - very different.Not only in their "age", but also by the architectural style.
In 1386, the mother of the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, Vladimir the Brave, Princess Maria of Serpukhov founded Nativity Convent.It was erected to commemorate the victory of Kulikovo.
first sisters of the monastery became orphans and widows of soldiers on the battlefield.It must be said that for a long time the Baptism of Rus Orthodox with a special reverence revered Queen of Heaven.Her earthly life were dedicated to temples and monasteries of Moscow.Operating current abode, in varying degrees, keep the cherished memory of the Virgin Mother.In memory of her temples were built back in the pre-Mongol period.One of the first was the Nativity Convent.
Over time it has grown.In 1505 there was a stone Cathedral of the Holy Virgin, in the following years it was reconstructed several times.In 1687 the monastery came the church of St. John Chrysostom.In 1836 the bell tower was built and the church Eugene of Kherson.Designed by architect Vinogradov in 1906 built the Shrine of Our Lady of Kazan.
In 1922, the monastery was closed, and the 70-ies of the monastery all the rooms were occupied by communal apartments.At the end of 80-ies the monastery was returned to the Moscow Patriarchate.Worship began in 1989, and the first monks came here in 1993.Since then, the monastery began to live a normal life measured.His address - Rozhdestvenka street, house 20.
We have presented you only a few monasteries of Moscow (acting).Addresses mansions we have indicated here for your convenience.If you want to see them with my own eyes - come, you will always be welcome.
