«Gypsies noisy crowd / On Bessarabia roam / Today they are over the river / The tents tattered spend the night ..." So begins the famous southern poem by Pushkin, almost 200 years ago glorified Bessarabian region and sowed in a society of great interest to the exotic people described in it.Romantic movement in art is distinguished that opposes jaded, corrupted by civilization other European consciousness - the "pure" natural, natural approach to life.Therefore, the characters of such works became the independent, proud mountaineers, the freedom roads Roma children, the daring, brave pirates, smugglers without kith and kin.Of course, many embellished fiction, much exhibited in a special light.And as the Roma live in reality?Draw a small study, based on ethnographic materials of the former Bessarabia and Moldova today.
Three Capitals
in the State, there are three recognized center gypsy tribe.All of them are in the northern part of Moldavia, in Soroca, Edinet and attacks.This does not mean that anywhere else in the territory of the former Federal Republic will not meet these swarthy black-haired people with a quick glance and tenacious kind of guttural accent.The long colorful skirt Romani women sweep the pavements and the Chisinau and Balti and Ungheni streets.But it is in the north of Moldova are concentrated the largest, numerous communities that once nomadic people.And each has its own diaspora Gypsy Baron!
Value title
People of cultural, musical and formed this phrase will be associated with the famous operetta Austrian composer Johann Strauss.However, we are interested in a different value of the expression.The Gypsy Baron - is authoritative representatives of the tribe (camp) or the whole clan.
The Roma, though the Europeans considered the wild, uncontrolled, in fact, is no stranger to a certain organization and obedience to its laws, "svychayam and customs."Therefore ordinary Gypsies allowed to over them "was" quite solid, respected person who can speak flowery and bright, knowing a few basic languages of the terrain on which the camp is usually roams or where the clan settled.He had to settle disputes between "us" and the local population, administration and law enforcement agencies.More Gypsy Baron adjusted vnutritabornye or inter-community relations.
Wordplay
By the way, about "a baronetcy."In Roma there really is no higher title, the more noble, aristocratic.But there is a resounding "Baro", which means "important".A rom baro translated as "important Gypsies."What resembles a combination of people, whose language is far from adverbs "romantic with a big road"?That's right, the very "Baron".So the myth that the camp leaders - is an aristocrat of the natives.That is, The Gypsy Baron!However, those who are directly in contact with the camp life, knows the nuances of it from the inside, say the opposite: it concentrates power in the hands of one person, but the most respected group of people.They also supervise the company on the basis of sufficiently strict local Roma laws.By the way, the unwritten!
From fairy tales to reality
also a lot of rumors, legends, fairy tales, surrounds the life of this once-nomadic tribe.Yes, long gone are the days when the life of the Roma was held on wheels, a cheerful clatter of horses' hooves and the creak of wagons.Most of the representatives of the People was to lead a sedentary during the second half of the twentieth century.Many parents even send their children to school - though not for long, Class 3-4, to learn to read and write.In the Soviet era the total deficit gypsy selling jeans and rubber flip-flops, books, cosmetics, cigarettes, koshelki- "Chameleon" and still a lot of different attributes "beautiful" life.As well as famous lollipops, konfety- "toffee" cud.Of course, along the way, they offered to tell fortunes, "tell the truth", to charm, to remove damage and even cure the disease happened suddenly.Horse stealing, stealing in Soviet times people daring Roma hunted rare.Children, however, begged, but not explicitly, in moderation.
The situation has changed dramatically over the past 20-odd years.Gypsies, on the one hand, clearly "domesticated", more civilized.On the other - there was the strongest of social stratification.Crime, marginalization - is now quite commonplace among the Roma.But they all just love gold, bright, colorful costumes, great dancing and singing while retaining their identity.Even the little grimy tsyganёnka have cool cell phone, most of "expropriated."It runs in families, mostly women.The scope of their work - the same markets and trade.Males foraged delivery of goods and "rotating the" affairs.Girls are forbidden intimacy before marriage.And even show custom sheets after the wedding night Roma honor and obey.Elders in the family is required to honor, adultery is punished severely, divorce is rarely taken, abortion is prohibited, and will give birth to children like a lot - these are the basic realities of being Roma.
the question of castles
As already mentioned, the social stratification of peoples is evident at once, one has only to go through the streets of a small village Edintsy or larger towns - attacks and forty, where the Roma population is concentrated.Last locality - indeed the Moldovan capital of this nation.Old houses with peeling window frames, cracks on the facade, crumbling plaster, standing in a cluttered, unkempt yards, is a kind of sad and cry out to the deep poverty.The picture is completed dirty half-naked kids with obviously hungry, but very sly face.
Other business houses Gypsy Baron and a very wealthy diaspora!In the same Soroca under their magnificent buildings allotted a hill!And yourself dwelling on the capriciousness of architectural solutions, wealth design can compete with palaces stars of show business.And another question - who will win the argument!
Architectural Fantasies
How to live Gypsy Baron, one can imagine at least on the external parameters of their homes.One-storey there.Rare two floors.Usually - three and four.Red tiled roofs, columns, balustrades, arches, pediments, moldings, statues, weather vanes ... Pinnacle medieval spiers, domes on the cathedral - it also marks "baronovskih 'palaces.Many are decorated with coats of arms, as we are assured the hosts, ancient.However, for some reason, with images of the head of the family, which, in fact, the history of the family and tells the story.Yards tiled patios and remind the Italian.They include fountains, gazebos, or simply bench comfortably placed under the trees, among the blooming flower beds.Ancient Greek gods and goddesses, quadriga of the Bolshoi Theatre, the spire of the Admiralty, wonderful animals, peacocks - the usual attributes of palaces inhabited by the clan Gypsy Baron.But the splendor of it often resembles the name of the novel "Brilliance and poverty courtesans."Most of the buildings have not been completed, the works are from year to year, and they can not see the end.
The interior
Icons, paintings, gilding, marble, natural wood, old carpets and fashionable wallpaper, furniture constitute the inner entourage homes.Glaring luxury, sometimes explicitly tasteful, but most motley and clumsy, is a key element in interior decoration.Many rooms, including separate bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, even rooms for receiving guests and supplicants.The Gypsy Baron, a photo which you can see in this article, its title is inherited, and with them, and many serious responsibilities and obligations to the tribe.For now it is these people concentrated power in the Diaspora.Legal disputes, administrative, family and even domestic showdown to decide the Roma adopted by the Baron.Because in their homes and set aside separate rooms for foster.
Instead of conclusion
say that Roma know the rich - to say nothing.As pointed out the media in 2012, according to estimates, Baron Arthur Cherarya of forty and his clan's annual income totals up to 40 million euros.And that's not the ceiling!Especially impressive are, oddly enough, the funeral.Crypts of Italian marble, the grave where, together with the body lowered cars, computers, household items, furniture and many other things that, according to Roma, you may need their relatives, and in that light, once again confirm the validity of the famous song: "Gypsies like ring/ And the golden rings ... "Yes, they love glitter, noise, movement, everything bright, exotic - is what they are.
