Agriculture is the oldest and most common material production.Since ancient times, its purpose was to provide people with food.It has replaced hunting and gathering.Moreover, in our time the world agriculture is a strong raw material base for the sectors of food and light industry.Agriculture has its own characteristics that are associated with the seasonality of production and the decisive influence of environmental conditions on the structure of the industry and their placement.Also, agriculture is the world largely depends on the quality of soil and the size of the area because the land is the main means of production and the main subject labor.
in different countries and regions of the world agricultural production is very varied.Moreover, all these types can be distinguished in two basic: commodity production and consumer production.In developed countries, world agriculture is characterized by a sharp predominance of commodity production.For its development there applied mechanization and use of chemicals, advanced breeding techniques and advanced biotechnology.In almost all areas of the world the natural development of crop.He is not only where natural conditions do not allow: the highlands, deserts and arctic tundra.Half of all cultivated land occupied by crops.The largest grain producers, which account for more than half of the world grain harvest, are such countries as China and the United States, India and Russia.Other major producers are distinguished, Canada, France, Ukraine, Brazil and Indonesia.
Among cereals agriculture produces most of the world wheat, rice and corn, accounting for 80% of total gross harvest of grain crops.Almost everywhere in the world is common livestock.But the bulk of production is concentrated in countries in the temperate zone, as the placement of all branches of the livestock depends directly on fodder.World Livestock is divided into three main branches: the breeding of cattle, pigs and sheep.The largest volume of livestock production gives cattle ranching, with the largest number of cattle is in Abroad in Asia and Latin America.
Trends in cattle associated with the peculiarities of fodder.Milk production is more common in densely populated areas of North America and Europe.In the temperate zone of natural forest and steppe zones spread out meat and dairy cattle.A pure beef cattle breeding is more common in arid regions of subtropical and temperate zone.Among the countries that have the largest number of cattle are India and Brazil, the US and China, Russia and Argentina.Production of pigs is less dependent on natural conditions, so common almost everywhere.The only areas of the world where there is practically no pig - Muslim countries, where the field of agriculture is banned for religious reasons.
Most pigs are concentrated near the large cities and densely populated areas, as well as in areas where cultivated potatoes and beets.Therefore, it takes a very important role in the suburban agriculture.Almost half of the world's pig population is in China.Other important countries in this sector - the US, Russia, Germany and Brazil.Agricultural world also play an important role, and sheep breeding.It is prevalent in countries where there are extensive pastures.The undisputed leader in the world sheep is Australia.
