White, birch, aspen, mushroom and pale toadstool, mushrooms and mushrooms - it is a huge realm of the planet.According to scientists, in general kinds of edible and inedible mushrooms account for about 100 000 names!Three elements - water, earth and air - they have long been populated.Even rock art period BC contains their images.The first edible mushroom species have been described in the writings of ancient Greek scholars in the 3rd century BC.e.
Applications
Many species of mushrooms are used in medicine and science.Of them do all kinds of medicinal extracts and infusions, rinse the mouth.In recent years, the United States is actively studying the possibility of hallucinogenic mushrooms in the treatment of mental disorders.But the most massive use of got all kinds of edible fungi or conditionally edible.
There are several reasons why mushrooms have gained importance in human nutrition:
- high nutritional value (not inferior to meat);
- good taste;
- ease of obtaining;
- opportunity to prepare for the future.
In today's age of nanotechnology are increasingly using mushrooms grown artificially.Basically I love "quiet hunt" Save only the Slavic peoples.
mushrooms that can be eaten
Accepted share of edible types of mushrooms into four categories, based on their taste and nutritional characteristics:
- The first category includes elite.They know each mushroom: white and their varieties, Amanita Caesarea (considered a delicacy since the time of the Roman Caesars, hence the name).
- second category - Polish mushroom, boletus, birch and aspen, black mushrooms.
- The third group includes mushrooms, which can be found almost everywhere: chanterelles, mushrooms, oyster mushrooms.
- fourth and last, are edible, but have little nutritional value and distribution - Greenfinches, various blewits, raincoats.
To eat a poisonous mushroom can be, but only one time in my life ...
edible mushrooms, fortunately, more than inedible.Amateur mushroom pickers collect only popular types of edible mushrooms, which have seen the photo somewhere in them or exactly sure.How not to gather up poisonous mushrooms?
To do this:
- Examine the underside of the cap.If it gubchastaya, it is likely to mushroom is edible (only two types of mushrooms with such a structure - "gall" and satanic - poisonous).
- Smell mushroom.With the pungent odor of garlic or onions are not dangerous, but they are unlikely to want to cook a holiday meal.
- Make the cut.If it is covered with milky release, the fungus is likely not dangerous.
- know that in the late summer and early autumn in the forest mainly distributed species of edible mushrooms, poisonous almost never occur.
- cracked hat.If the stain fracture changed color, this fungus is better not to take.
- Remember that mushrooms white, spherical or pear-shaped is not poisonous.
- Inspect leg.Skirt or ovoid thickening 100% talk about the toxicity of the fungus.
main rule - not sure, do not take this mushroom!
In fungi there is an interesting feature to absorb and process all kinds of harmful substances.Therefore, under no pretext can not collect them near industrial plants, landfills near livestock farms, fields where pesticides are used, near the roads, especially in hot weather.
How to cook
Despite the nutritional value and lack of fat, mushrooms are junk food.The walls of their cells contain chitin (substance stiffening carapaces of insects and arthropods).The human stomach is unable to digest it.To improve the digestibility of mushrooms they have to grind as much as possible when cooking.If they are dried, then the opportunity should be used to grind them finely.Mushroom flour can be added to the first dishes, porridge.Since it is a strong allergen, it must be applied with caution.From such flour turns the original cookie.It can take a hike - takes up little space, and the hunger appeased even a small amount.Mushrooms do not abuse people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
