Mushrooms - a eukaryotic organisms devoid of chlorophyll.Different from the lower plant and animal species anatomically, biologically and morphologically.The article presents the Crimea edible mushrooms and poisonous.The reader is acquainted with their descriptions and photos.Mushroom on the peninsula are many, and they grow in a variety of places: from the steppe to the forests and plateaus.
Mushroom History of Crimea
season usually begins after the onset of the Indian summer, but in general, they can be collected throughout the year, at any time.While the mushrooms on the peninsula is very much a staple food, they were never considered.Therefore, they collected only amateurs.This attitude persisted until the 20th century.After it became fashionable Mediterranean cuisine, including a variety of mushroom sauce.People changed their attitude to food.Thus, fungi Crimea began to enjoy great success with the population of the peninsula.
What species grow on the peninsula of Crimea
many different fungi, and the most common ones, are so fond of collecting "silent hunters" - it mushrooms, mushrooms, white, raincoats, boletus and blewits gray.They are quite unpredictable.Since the collection of a specific calendar for them can not develop.
Mushrooms Crimea: photos, description, locus
Annually season for specific start and end in different ways."Where to pick mushrooms?"- This question is no single answer, because their peninsula a huge amount.Many of them are considered edible.Not without poisonous species.But in the main demand is for the usual and familiar to all the mushrooms that grow in other regions.
Season mushrooms - it's an Indian summer
Ryzhikov grow almost to the end of October.They like shady spots under the firs and pines, ravines, longitudinal grooves and pits.The hat is on average up to 15 cm, almost always flat, but sometimes has a bit of a dent in the middle of the form.The edges are wrapped her down.After sprouting hat straightened, becoming funnel.The color of these mushrooms Crimea light orange, red or blue-green.
Honey mushrooms
They can be collected in buckets on the peninsula, and not only in forests, but also in gardens and orchards.Season - moist and warm autumn.The diameter of the head - between 3 and 10 cm. Long leg and can even reach 20 cm. Cap greyish yellow and white on top, bottom plate.These mushrooms grow in groups, right on the stumps, hence their name.They love and fallen trees.
White Mountain
grow these mushrooms in the Crimea, where to collect them? You can find them in the mountainous part of the peninsula, among the bushes and in the glades.The cap has a convex shape, it is wrinkled or smooth.In dry weather, a little crack, and when it becomes moist oslizloy.The pulp of these mushrooms is white and thick, has a pleasant odor and the color does not change the fault.
Rain
These mushrooms Crimea similar to mushrooms.Located in the leafy woods and come in three varieties: pear, prickly giants.Recent often reach a height of 34 cm.
Luteus
They prefer to collect on the Ai-Petri plateau.For connoisseurs of oil is a real Mecca.Mushroom cap has a diameter of 14 cm. Initially hemispherical, later it becomes a rounded shape.Color brown, but may be of different colors.Leg sometimes reaches 11 cm. These fungi like bright places, and the edge of the clearing.Basically, growing up in the woods, but you can find them under the tree in the meadow.In Crimea, they are often found even near the stones.
blewits gray
This is the most sought-after mushrooms Crimea.Otherwise, they are called pups.Caps them - up to 12 cm, gray, rounded-conical.Legs is quite long - reach 12 cm. But mostly they are shipped in the moss.Mushrooms are typically small, though among them can be found simply giants.Collect them starting in September and ending November.They grow in the mixed and coniferous forests.Mice caught mainly in the old pine trees, in the moss, under the pine needles and fallen leaves, and on sandy soil.
mushrooms Steppe Crimea: odnobochka
This is another interesting representative of the mushroom world, which is often called Crane.It likes to grow in the grass in the steppe areas.Only to find odnobochku quite difficult.Local residents (near Simferopol) used to call it in different ways, each according to his associations.For example, you can often hear the word "coffin".This name was given to her because of the woody stem.Many call it a duck because of the peculiarities of growth.It is as if "waddling" like a tired bird.Sometimes you can stumble upon a "garden" of these fungi.
Odnobochka very similar to the trailing vortex, which wrapped edges of the cap.The plates are wide, white and rare.But the main feature of this fungus is that it is growing in the grass, on the prickly thistle or feverweed field.Typically, the season begins in May and ends in November.But there were cases where it was found in January.For the food used in the fresh form, many prefer to marinate.
Since the steppe zone of the peninsula for more than half the territory, by fungi such areas include mushrooms, mushrooms, aspen, birch and mushrooms.These types are no different from their counterparts, except that grow in the grass, not the trees.Most popular steppe Crimea mushrooms - oyster, odnobochka.They belong to the same family.But they have their own characteristics.Although many people take them in one view.Odnobochka grows in the bare steppe, which is completely devoid of trees.But the oyster lives on decaying trunks.
Other species
What other edible fungi of the Crimea?This mushrooms, mushrooms, tinder, Dubovik, aspen, oyster mushrooms, russula.However, raincoats after heavy rainfall appear Golovach.Many fungi Crimea photos which you can see in this article, are very popular.For example, morels, preferring consistency.They meet at the usual places: vacant lots, forest edges and clearings.Shacks, but for a special aroma valued chefs.
Poisonous mushrooms Crimean
There were approximately 45 species.Poisonous mushrooms Crimea are divided into 5 groups according to their toxicity.
- 5th group: entoloma gray, tiger blewits, of flat mushrooms.Symptoms of mild poisoning begins in period of from 30 minutes to 5 hours after ingestion.Malaise lasts up to a week.
- Group 4: ink and Shaggy dung.Poisoning occurs when used simultaneously with alcohol.Therefore, it is necessary to drink for three days, after the mushrooms have been eaten.
- Group 3: Govorushko (pale, reddish, orange-red and wax).All the symptoms of poisoning begin 15 minutes after eating the mushrooms.Sometimes they lead to death.
- Group 2: red and amanita pantherina.If poisoning is often possible death.
- Group 1 - the most poisonous mushrooms, deadly to humans.These include: death cup, spring green and white fly agaric and a cherry-brown silverfish.Symptoms begin to appear almost immediately after their use.
All these mushrooms are poisonous, though, but can also be beneficial to humans.Some of them are used by pharmacists for the preparation of various medicines and sometimes part of the herbal brewing.Of course, the dosage is the minimum.
Where to pick mushrooms
Many prefer the Crimean mountains, it is most common white mushroom known.A great success Ay-Petri Yayla.Also, a lot of them on the flat tops of ridges.And a great place for a "quiet hunt" feel of the forest at Mount Demerdzhi - in radiant.
many good places in Sevastopol - where the forest stretches to Bakhchisarai.In the east of the peninsula mushrooms harvested from Feodosia and ending Stary Krym.Rich in them, and the steppe zone - from estuaries and Donuzlav Sasyk.The largest number of pups can be found in the area of Kolchugino and the Crimean observatory.Ryzhikov - near the fishing, but chanterelles collected in the Marmara.Luteus often caught in the Stroganov and Zelenogorsk area.
Mushroom ethics
there own ethics in the amateurs' silent hunting ".You can not kick the mushrooms legs, even if they are of no interest.They may require different.Ideally, the collection comes in baskets, woven from twigs.This is because the plastic bucket and the air bags are not passed, and the collected fungi can not "live" to the house.They need to be cut with a knife to the ground, so as not to damage the roots.
can not pull them out of the mycelium and tear the moss.It hurts and destroys roots.Under the bright sun mycelium dries and dies.The best time to collect - after a warm rain of the past, especially if it was night.In order to keep the spawn, hitting on the road rotten instance broken into small pieces and scatter around.
How to avoid mushroom poisoning
main causes of poisoning caused by the improper collection and storage.Mushrooms growing in the Crimea, are also false brethren.They are difficult to distinguish from edible species.On the market there are even special expertise that is available to anyone to check their trophies.
To prevent poisoning when buying mushrooms need to carefully inspect - if they are not poisonous.Doubtful better to just throw it away.And their age are important differences.Old and sluggish mushrooms are difficult to recognize on the subject of edible or poisonous they are.If there is any doubt - the best of them just give up.
Handle and cook the mushrooms must be on the day of collection.Otherwise they can generate noxious substances.For a start they need to be boiled in water for ten minutes and only then fry and boil again.Some mushrooms raw, if you just lick the tongue, the bitterness left on it.Such right can be discarded - it is poisonous.Even though they look like edible.
