called Armature steel product, having the form of a long rod with a circular cross-section.The main purpose of this type of long steel is to improve the quality of the concrete structures.There are several varieties of valves, each of which is carried out in strict accordance with GOST standards.
Appointment
Concrete - the material extremely durable compression.The spitting image of his designs are capable of absolutely no harm to themselves to withstand the enormous weight.Unfortunately, however, this tension is very fragile material, just as in bending.Because of this feature, the concrete in the construction of buildings and structures can arise many problems: cracks in the foundation and walls of the impact force of the spring frost heave, the destruction of overlap due to too high vertical load and so on. D. The tensile strength of concrete is only 10-15% of the compressive strength.
the problem and aims to solve the metal reinforcements.The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel close to the same parameter of the concrete.This makes it possible to use materials in combination.Most popular in low-rise building is a fitting 12 mm in diameter.Concrete structures, reinforced frames linked from it, are characterized by high compressive strength and at the same time - a reasonable tension.
With the construction of foundations, which account for the main load during the spring of swelling, the use of reinforcement - mandatory condition.Often this type of rolled metal and used in the construction of the wall (the strengthening of masonry, the upper belt stiffness).Reinforcement in the form of a grid is used when pouring floors and screeds.Apply it in the manufacture of concrete paths, pavings and so on. D. With the construction of multi-storey buildings as well as houses in problem soils frequently used valves 16 mm and thicker.
In addition, this kind of rolled metal products also improved indicators such as fatigue strength of concrete structures as well as resistance to mechanical stress from outside.
Material of
Since the fittings - a very important element in the building of reinforced concrete structures, the quality of its special requirements.The raw material for the production of rolled metal products of this type is a special reinforcing steel.To improve the mechanical properties it is doped with manganese and silicon.To give special strength reinforcement is processed titanium and chromium.
Varieties diameter
can be used in the construction of valves of different thicknesses.In this regard, there are certain standards set by regulations SNIP.So, for example, for foundations of buildings with a very light skeleton-shield wall being built on stable ground, can be used rods with a diameter of 10 mm.In the construction of private houses virtually all other types, as already mentioned, applies armature 12 mm.
Forms for a method of manufacturing
production valves 12 mm (steel), as well as bars and any other thickness, has two main technologies:
- by hot rolling steel.These products are called rod.
- By drawing steel cold.This so-called wire look.
production valves 12 mm - the process is not too complicated, but it requires special equipment and exact compliance with all provisions technologies.
Ready frames and grates are made at specialized enterprises.The procedure for their manufacture involves the following steps:
- If the source material is supplied in reels, unwinding is made.
- you edit the wires or rods.
- reinforcement is cut to the desired length.This and previous operations are performed correctly on special cutting machines.
- followed by assembly of the frame elements or mesh.This operation is performed on special welding machines.In some cases the elements are joined by means of manual welding.
Sometimes, reinforcing bars and meshes are manufactured and directly in the construction of buildings (usually low-rise).In this case, the structure can be welded or wire.The first method is less labor intensive.When the second frame is a more durable.The fact that in places of welds will corrode steel later.
Surface Type
On this basis distinguish only two types of valves 12 mm:
- smoothly, which is a conventional rod or wire of circular section.
- corrugations.On a surface of a transverse reinforcement are (usually crescent) and longitudinal ribs.Such a design allows to increase the adhesiveness with the concrete frame members.
Types of working conditions
The frames are commonly used the following types of fittings:
- distribution;
- working (actually 12 mm rods);
- assembly;
- clamps.
Under operation valves 12 mm divided into:
- strain.It is used when you need a special strength of concrete structures (in earthquake-prone areas, in the ceiling of high-rise buildings, subject to the vertical load of the bridge and t.).
- Free of tension.Laid without tension.It is used in conventional concrete structures.
valves 12 mm Weight
With the construction of small private buildings required number of rolled metal is usually calculated in the meter.Manufacturers often sell on the weight of the valve.This may cause some difficulties in the calculations.To find out how many kilograms of reinforcement is necessary in a particular case should be linear weight multiplied by the required length of material.The first indicator depends on the type of reinforcement and is determined by the special tables.
So, the weight of the valve 12 mm (manufactured in accordance with GOST) is 0.89 kg / meter.For example, for the construction of the house is required of 25 m rolled.Therefore, you need to buy a 25 x 0.89 = 22.25 kg bars.
Marking and cost of fittings
Smooth metal letters 12 mm A1 fluted without punching - A3.Also, labeling can find a way to manufacture valves (A - goryachekatnaya, B - made cold process) and brand of used steel (digits).Supplied product may in coils or bars.For example, the designation of the valve "A3-A500S" is interpreted as follows:
- material has a grooved surface (A3),
- made by hot rolled (A),
- steel grade - 3PS (A500S)
price for metalthis species depends primarily on its thickness as well as the mark.How much can cost valves 12?The price of such diameter rods - goryachekatnye (the most popular version) - from different suppliers varies in the range of 22-29 thousand. Rubles per ton.Of course, when buying should ask the seller a certificate of compliance with state standards.Marking is usually stamped on the valve already during the rental.If the manufacture of rods and bars this was not done, their ends are marked with indelible paint.So, for example, steel A500S is marked with white and blue, A600S - yellow and white, and so on. D. Check exact match for other rod can be of special tables.
Thus fittings - one of the most popular types of metal on the market - can be done in different ways from different grades of steel, have a smooth or grooved surface to be thick or thin.Rods 12 mm are the most popular varieties.When buying them, as well as the acquisition of any other reinforcement, should first pay attention to the label and type of surface.
