Kamchatka - Peninsula, which is one of the richest in the world in terms of natural resources and recreational areas.Glaciers and volcanoes, mineral and thermal springs, famous Valley of Geysers and untouched by civilization in most places the fauna and flora have created the preconditions for the development of sport fishing and eco-tourism.Interest not only in domestic, but also foreign travelers cause turbulent rivers and the active volcanoes activity, peaks over four thousand meters of water and coastal seas rich fish fauna.
Geographical location
Kamchatka Peninsula on the map of Russia is located in the eastern part.Its territory stretched from the northwest to the southeast for more than one and a half thousand kilometers.
geographical position Kamchatka Peninsula on the map - between Chukotka and the Kuril Islands.To the west of its territory is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk, and from the east - the waters of the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean.
whole surrounding area with her Commander Islands Kamchatka Krai is - the subject of the Russian Federation.The total area of the region is 472.3 thousand square meters.The administrative center of the subject - the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
Climate
Kamchatka - a peninsula on the weather conditions which affect a huge expanse of water.Cold currents of the seas (Bering and Okhotsk) significantly reduce the average temperatures of air masses.Particularly adversely it affects the warm season.
absence of severe frosts in winter and heat in summer - these are the weather conditions that are typical for the southern part of the territory.The Kamchatka Peninsula, the climate in the coastal areas which has a maritime character, features a large number of rainy and foggy days.
Moving inland and to the north, you can see the change of weather conditions.The climate in these areas is more continental.It is influenced by the land of the Asian continent.From marine air masses that territory to protect mountain ranges.These factors affect the extension of the winter, characteristic for these latitudes, and the reduction of summer.
Another feature of the climate is the location of the Kamchatka territory in the zone of intense cyclonic activity.In this regard, on the peninsula often strong winds blow.Cyclones bring with them rain.Most of them fall in the southern regions of Kamchatka (up to 1200 mm per year).
Natural phenomena
Kamchatka - a peninsula that is the particular combination of climatic and physiographic conditions contributes to the dangerous hydrological processes.These include mudslides and avalanches, catastrophic and sudden rise of the rivers after the loss of a large amount of rain and river bed deformation, mash phenomena, etc.
Kamchatka - a peninsula located in the so-called fire zone, which consists of volcanic ridges.It often takes mountain-building, and other geological processes.They are the result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Relief
entire surface of the Kamchatka peninsula is a territory in which there is an alternation of parallel bands of volcanic ridges and lowlands.So, along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk are located hummocky tundra, bogs and ridges covered with forest.This is the territory on which the West Kamchatka lowland.To the east it stretches from most major system of the mountains of the peninsula - the Central Range.He dissected by gorges and river valleys.The northern part of the Middle Ridge preserved traces of volcanic activity was observed here recently.
highest point of this mountain range is Ichinsky.It is an active volcano (3621 m), the top of which is covered with a powerful ice cap.The Kamchatka Peninsula, the relief of the mid-ocean ridges which goes into a vast depression, brings that territory in the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk water of two rivers - Kamchatka and faster.Next is the East Ridge.It stretches for six hundred kilometers.The Kamchatka Peninsula, the relief that in this area includes the mountain range, has the following ranges:
- Ganal, having pointed peaks and jagged ridges.
- Valagin, a part of which is an active volcano Kizimen (the highest point is located at an altitude of 2485 km);
- Kumroch Tumrok and (in the north).Next
attendance zone of the peninsula the most tourists.Here is the Eastern volcanic area.The area stretches from the southern part of the peninsula (from Cape Lopatka) to the north.Ends this area Sheveluch volcano (it operates).
Kamchatka Peninsula, volcanoes which are concentrated in this area, attracts tourists.Here are concentrated the natural attractions of the region, as well as most of the cold mineral and thermal springs.
River Kamchatka Peninsula to
characteristic rather dense hydrographic net.Its territory runs a little more than six thousand of both large and small rivers.Generally their length does not exceed two hundred kilometers.Only seven of the rivers of Kamchatka are its waters more than 300 km.The largest river of the Kamchatka Peninsula is considered.It has a length of more than seven hundred and fifty kilometers.
Almost all rivers have a violent temper.Many of them have rapids and waterfalls.The largest rivers of the peninsula - big and Kamchatka.They are navigable only wellhead bottom.
in volcanic areas are located so-called dry river.Water in their beds only appears during the snowmelt.
Lake
Kamchatka Peninsula Numerous reservoirs have different origins.Lakes lowlands and floodplains of rivers are often swamped.One of these is Nalychevo.On the hills of the lake basin occupied by hilly terrain.The largest of these are the ponds and Dvuhyurtochnoe Nachikinskoye.
Many lakes were formed by volcanic activity.Some of them (Karymskoe, Kuril, etc.) are located in the valleys encountered in some sections of lowering the earth's crust, or in explosive craters.There are lakes located in volcanic craters (Kangar, Ksudach Uzon), as well as tectonic depressions (Askabache).
largest on the peninsula is a body of water, resulting in the river valley, which was blocked by lava flows.This lake Kronotskoye.
Flora
Where is Kamchatka peninsula, strong winds blow and there is a short summer.These factors, as well as the isolation of the territory from the mainland and loose volcanic soils given the special nature of the harsh edges of vegetation.The species composition of flora distinctive richness.Here there are a little over a thousand ferns and flowering plants.Among them there are species that are not found anywhere else.
forests on the peninsula occupy one-third of its area.It grows white and stone birch, alder and spruce, larch and Kuril willow, poplar and mountain ash, hawthorn and wild cherry.Berry Bushes presented honeysuckle and cranberries, blueberries and Shiksha.The marshland meets cranberries.
In areas of high mountains grow dwarf species of alder, birch and willow.Distributed shelomaynik.On the high plateau can be found only unpretentious tundra vegetation.
Fauna
Natural areas of the Kamchatka Peninsula was chosen bighorn sheep and brown bear, wild reindeer and elk.It occurs here marmot and hare, muskrat and otter, sable, mink, fox and arctic fox, wolverine and protein, lynx and wolf.In the coastal areas of the seas inhabited by sea lions and seals and bearded seal.On the Commander Islands can be found seals and sea otters.
Among the birds there are species that remain in the winter on the peninsula.However, some birds fly away to warmer climes.The list is constantly living in these areas are grouse and golden eagles, crows, and cuckoos, eagles and magpies.The peninsula can be found wintering swans.
Numerous rivers of Kamchatka constantly live grayling and trout, and rainbow trout.Come here to spawn salmon fish.In some lakes can be found carp.The seas surrounding the peninsula, catch flounder and cod, pollock and herring.
Tourism
Kamchatka region is a kind of a mountain region of Russia.Here you can see clean wild fauna and flora, untouched by human activity.Attention attract travelers a unique phenomenon of the peninsula, natural monuments and unique culture of its few nationalities.
Tours Kamchatka, as a rule, pass through areas isolated from civilization, where is the wild mountain nature.There is a high probability that the weather suddenly deteriorates, will fly gale-force wind and torrential rain will go.
Features vacation in Kamchatka
Those who are going to spend your vacation in the easternmost region of Russia, should be borne in mind that the main tourist attractions to drive up the possibility of using public transport there.Any means (air or surface) to deliver to the destination can only individually.This will need to pay for and return flight.If you decide to relax yourself, keep in mind that Kamchatka is the territory of the modern mountain-building processes.On the peninsula, there are constant changes in terrain and a lot of zones of anomalous magnetic character.That is why the ascent to rely on maps and satellite navigation is not necessary.In the event of an emergency or an emergency can count only on themselves.
Feature recreation in Kamchatka is also the fact that on the peninsula are no permanent short excursions and itineraries.The exception may be only a small cruise trips Azachinskoy bay.Held here and helicopter tours with a visit to the Valley of Geysers.
