Cell structure of nature to mankind opened shortly after the invention of the microscope.In 1590, a device manufactured by H. Jansen, brought research to a new level.History of discovery of the cells began from that moment.The scientists of the time for a long time came to the knowledge of unit of all living things, until there was a great discovery.The plant cell was first seen and studied English botanist and physicist Robert Hooke in 1665 on sections of balsa wood he found unusual patterns, their appearance similar to bee cells.These he called cells.But Robert Hooke profoundly mistaken in their studies, suggesting that the cells themselves are empty, and their walls are the living matter.
further development of optics has led to more advanced models of microscopes.It is through the lens of the latest Dutch Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was able to see how to construct animal cell.He left the results of his research paper in the form of down-drawing, depicting them seen through a microscope.They have been described bacteria, sperm, as well as erythrocytes and their movements in capillaries.But even in spite of the research scientists, has long remained unsolved question - whether the cells are the basis of the structure of all living organisms.Only in 1838 - 1839's answer to it could give a botanist M. Schleiden and the zoologist T. Schwann.They formulated the basic postulates of the cell theory, which lasted until the present day, with minor modifications, as adjusted by the latest scientific discoveries.
Now, German scientists analyzed the data available to them, were able to determine that absolutely all vegetable and animal organisms consist of cells.In addition, each plant and animal cells are individually independent unit, living in harmonious unity with the whole body.But their conclusions were not entirely correct.However, the history of the study of the cell is full of such incidents.After a while their compatriot Virchow was able to prove that every cell is derived from other cells, and the assumption about the origin of cellular material from nowhere, put forward by his predecessors, to put it mildly, incorrect.
animal cells simultaneously exposed to research in many countries.Thus, even before the formation of the cell theory, the English botanist Robert Brown found a mandatory component of every cell - the nucleus.And in 1895, T. Boveri could see through a microscope and describe the calf lying near the nucleus, which were called centrioles.In 1890, scientists R. Altman described dvumembrannye organelles called mitochondria.According to him, the main function of mitochondria was to provide cells with energy.And, surprisingly, this assumption proved to be correct and has been confirmed by years of research.
Then, for a long time period, the academic fraternity perfecting device microscopes, which allowed more carefully study the structure of cells.Periodically, there were discoveries, adjusting the existing cell theory.But the real breakthrough came biology only after the introduction of the electron microscope.K. Porter 1945 was able to detect and describe the endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum), by means of which the animal cell produces protein synthesis, sugars and lipids.Later, in 1955, using a light microscope were examined lysosomes - particular globular structures for splitting biopolymers and containing various proteolytic enzymes.
study of animal cells is the principle "from the simple - to complex."Modern research methods allow to fully study the DNA elements, the composition of protoplasm and much more.Therefore, with the advancement of technology there is the possibility of knowing everything of the living world.And this is what the human mind seeks.
