Currently, took shape a large number of concepts that attempt to explain what temperament.We consider these in more detail.
is the most ancient humoral theory of Hippocrates.The doctor tried to explain that such a temperament, associating it with the properties of a particular liquid, which prevails in the body.If a person has more blood, it is - sanguine, bile - choleric, black bile - melancholic.The presence of mucus (lymph reflux) said phlegmatic type.
Later there were constitutional concepts explaining what temperament, associating it with the structure of the body.
Firstly, the theory of E. Kretschmer.The scientist argued that people who have a certain (displastik, astenik, picnic and leptosomatik) body type, have a special type of temperament (iksotim, cyclotome and shizotim).In addition, they are genetically predisposed to certain mental illnesses.
Secondly, the concept of W. Sheldon.Scientist came from the fact that there is a somatic - body structure, which is described by means of parameters such as ectomorphy, mesomorph and endomorph.They correspond to certain types of temperament.It is about tserebrotonikah, somatotonikah and vistserotonikah.
physiological basis of temperament were laid by IPPavlova.He created the first scientific theory of neural.At its base is the doctrine of the important role and the dynamic properties of the central nervous system.It is the only system of the body, which has a regulatory and universal abilities.
Scientists have identified the following main characteristics of the National Assembly:
- force;
- mobility;
- poise.
They occur in the processes of excitation and inhibition.As a result, a scholar among the available combinations of these properties identified basic combinations that form types of GNI.As a result, IPPavlov could still answer the pressing question of what is the temperament:
- Sanguine has a balanced, strong and mobile type of nervous system;
- fregmatik - calm (inert), balanced and strong type;
- choleric is agile, and strong unbalanced type of nervous system;
- melancholic - unstable and weak.
consider in more detail the characteristics that made these types of IPPavlov.It is closely linked character and temperament.
Sanguine has a high nervous and mental activity, as well as the richness and variety of facial expressions and movements.Such a person is emotional, impressionable and labile.But his feelings are shallow, and mobility may lead to a lack of concentration.
Choleric has a high level of neuro-psychic activity.Such a person is usually sharp and swift in his movements.It also characterizes the impulsive force, the severity of experiences, emotions and instability.With poor education choleric become unrestrained, violent, incapable of self-control.
Phlegmatic has a low level of activity.It is difficult to switch, slow and calm in their actions, facial expressions and speech.A person with a predominance of phlegmatic temperament differ depth of feeling and persistence of mood.But disadvantaged upbringing he developed lethargy, weakness and poverty of emotions, as well as the tendency to carry out usual activities.
melancholic features a muted and restraint of speech and motor skills.In addition, it is pronounced traits: emotional reactivity, stability, and depth of feeling in dim their external expression.Melancholy is usually emotionally vulnerable, isolated, alienated and prone to deep inner feelings, even those situations that do not deserve it.
