At the present stage of human development became evident the fact that not every problem in a particular discipline, whether it's management, psychology, can be solved in the traditional way, using already tested algorithms.It is more important to act on the specific situation, that is, using the situational approach.
considering, for example, the management, it is safe to say that only the head is deemed effective, which does not use cliches and trying to work out any decision based on the circumstances.But we should not assume that the situational approach - it is a complete rejection of truths and the available theoretical data.On the contrary, knowing this information and owning it, it can be in a particular situation developed not one, but several ways of solution.
situational approach is not considered a science.Each refracts it as required by the theory, but in any branch of knowledge, this category means adapting to what is happening and to seek effective methods and techniques in achieving goals in a given place and time.
Since it came to the management, it is necessary to consider the situational approach to leadership as one of the fundamental concepts.This approach is characterized by the four most famous theories.
I. Model F. Fiedler
Author prerequisite is the existence of such a group, which is interrelated and interdependent one goal on the way to achieve it.Fiedler believed that the performance of the team is based on the relationship between the leader and the least preferred their employees, as well as the following situational variables:
A. The authority of the leader.
B. Ability to break apart the structure of the task.
B. power of the leader, that is, his powers.
II.The approach of Mitchell House, which is also called "Path-goal»
This theory has identified certain techniques that should help leaders in the pursuit of the goal group:
1) Explanation of each employee's duties.
2) participation, support and bug fixes.
3) Mobilizing the group to achieve the goal.
4) Promotion of the needs that the head is able to meet
5) satisfaction of these same needs after the goal is reached
III.Theory of Hersey and Blanchard
authors argued that a particular style of leadership determined by the willingness of employees to carry out tasks.This in turn depends on factors such as:
- Competence artist.
- desire to carry out the order.
- employee confidence in their abilities to solve problems.
IV.Model Vroom - Yettona
In this model were identified five styles of management:
A, B - autocratic.
, D - advisory.
D - full participation.
Thus A implies that the leader takes decisions without consulting with a group;B - it takes into account their advice, but the final word is still with him.B - taking into account all the views expressed, the decision, Mr. - the search for consensus, that is, the general outcome, which would be acceptable to all.
situational approach to leadership, implemented through the presentation of the theory, in practice, reflected in the fact that the leader must possess certain traits that are inherent in a man who could lead the workers to increase their productivity.
At the same time situational approach - this is not the search for a universal style that would fit in any context.On the contrary, there is a more appropriate term adaptive style.
Thus, situational approach helps leaders on the basis of diversity of available methods and techniques to choose those that are acceptable under certain circumstances.And combining, mixing styles is not forbidden, if it contributes to effective decision-making, which later determine the effectiveness of the manager.
That is why in an era of rapid technological development and the daily change of the environment, whether it's the economy or politics, it is important to imagine what a situational approach, and what did it eat.
