oath - the oath is given by public and imposes on the person authorizing its moral and legal responsibilities.Since the adoption of Orthodox Christianity, considering the words of Christ, "Do not swear," the oath was called a solemn promise.It is always given publicly and secured by a gesture.During the reign of Ivan the Terrible kissed the cross.
Oath of allegiance
But it pledged allegiance to the king, and only Basil IV Shumsky, first of all, swore allegiance to their people, the promise of securing the veneration of the cross.
Krestotselovalnaya entry is a public document, which has been known since medieval Russia.So, Governor Daniel Kholmsk, in 1474 accused of treason, in order to obtain forgiveness swore an oath of allegiance to the Prince of Moscow - Ivan Vasilyevich.He swore allegiance to writing and kissed the cross.The document is saved - this is the first documented evidence of krestotselovalnaya record.The rite was introduced by Ivan the Terrible, absolutely for all subjects, which he regarded as slaves and their property.Especially the act of kissing the cross was meant for recalcitrant boyars.There was even a term - Tselovalnik.This is a man sworn allegiance.But in the history of fame received krestotselovalnaya record is king Basil IV.
One of the great dynasties of Russia
Descendants Suzdal princes descended from Alexander Nevsky - the boyars Shuisky - always breathing in the back of the ruling Moscow dynasty, moreover, the rights to the throne they had a lot more, allowing them to always look at theMoscow tsars down.Shuiskys were direct descendants of the older brother of Alexander Nevsky - Andrei Gorodetsky, a dynasty whose last representative was Ivan IV the Terrible - the fourth son of the Nevsky Daniel of Moscow.But with the help of intrigue and church ruling dynasty by force and deception seized power and changed the old rules of succession.Both branches Rurikovich were so wrong to say that their representative was the last Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich - it was SHUISKI.But even in this situation, in the event of the death of all the branches of the ruling in its place were to come princes Shuisky.That is what happened in 1606 - the Russian throne by Vasily Ivanovich IV.
particular importance to this event gave Shumsky krestotselovalnaya record, finishing in the history of a special place.Initially, this race was the nobles in Russia, its representatives, reaching the due date, immediately became boyars, and were never courtier.Basil himself was a bodyguard, or bell, Ivan the Terrible and his squire, that is, he, like his father, was awarded the highest rank.But Shuiskys slept and saw themselves on the throne, so always intrigued against anyone who stood in their way.Krestotselovalnaya record in this case does not play any role - took the oath of allegiance, and after a time to kill the one who swore to serve faithfully.This was done not only Shuiskys.
first real opportunity
However, after the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry, the last son of Ivan the Terrible, the throne went to the impostor Boris Godunov, and then came up pretty strong competitor - False Dmitry I. Shuiskys were in opposition to Boris Godunov, and then to the False Dmitry I, whichtook the oath of allegiance.Clever, cunning, resourceful nobleman Shumsky, repeatedly falling out of favor, as was the head of the opposition, has always sought forgiveness and regaining influence.False Dmitry I, to his misfortune, pardoned him on the scaffold.After the murder of Grishka Otrepiev before Shuiskys, more specifically to Basil, really have the opportunity to take the throne, even though the competition was strong - Prince Golitsyn could prevent this.
necessary, return light of historical facts
One of the difficult times in the history of Russia - Troubles, or the first civil war, allowed to declare itself a number of large bright personalities - it was Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky, Filaret Romanov,Three False Dmitry, Boris Godunov, Patriarch Hermogenes and, of course, SHUISKI, personality, according to Pushkin, tragic.Most contemporaries ignore or distort the general public merit and value of any historical personality.So it was with Paul I, Vasily III, Ivan IV, Rasputin.Bulges shortcomings and hushed dignity.Shortcomings in the work of Basil Shuisky was enough uncles Shuiski attributed to poisoning, even a talented commander Skopin-Shumsky.But there were also positive moments - while sitting on the throne of the king, Moscow does not have the Poles.They stormed into the capital and sacked her after weaning Basil from the authorities and his extradition to Sigismund III of shame.Maybe shame for their actions forced his contemporaries hard to throw mud deposed king.In the history of the Russian state is widespread krestotselovalnaya record Basil Shuisky, the value of which is impossible to belittle - is the first oath of allegiance to the ruler of his people, this deliberately, solemnly enshrined and veneration of the cross.This act of the people admitted to the people, not slaves.
