thousand two hundred years ago, in January, 814 th, leaving his empire forever one of the fathers of the Roman-Germanic, a truly European civilization, founder of the first European Union.Frankish Western Empire included the territory of more than extensive: it is modern France, Belgium, Switzerland, Holland, Italy, large parts of Germany and Spain.But he fought all his life not only for areas: wherever stepping his army, Christianity triumphed.Europe forcibly baptized Gentiles: and the fire and the sword.This is the main one of the achievements of what famous empire of Charlemagne.
Bridge in modern
Slavic civilization very keenly felt the power of the formation of the West, faced with a terrible enemy, strong, clever and even mean-spirited, if demanded by the circumstances.Not only the sword defeated Carl, but also money, and lies, and betrayal.Sharing, he ruled.Slavic tribes generously shed each other's blood.
lasted for centuries the wars provoked by Karl was already dead.The most passionate part of the Slavs had them destroyed, some have gone to the east, many assimilated and gradually became the Austrians, Danes, Germans, and the rest were replaced by "code" and came under Roman hand.For instance, the Poles took the Western view of Christianity and became bitter enemies of Slavic Russia.All
certainly admire an iron will and a brilliant mind of Charles, but the study of the Frankish civilization suddenly becomes clear where originates and today's onslaught of Europe to the East.The process is still going.That is because what the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne (6 class certainly can not perceive these relationships, if the teacher does not will push imagination)!
Historical Background
basis Frankish Empire developed before the birth of Charlemagne by the three great rulers who changed extinct sloth in the Merovingian dynasty.Clovis planted statehood in alliance with the papal church;Charles Martel was created a real, almost a professional army and framed on the basis of the feudal system of benefices (noble nests) and the Battle of Poitiers, stopped the invasion of Islam on Europe;Pepin the Short became the first official king of the Carolingian dynasty by sending the last of the monasteries lazy Merovingian.Thanks Pepin Rome reoriented from the East (Byzantium) to the West.
Thus was laid the foundation of European civilization - the Roman-Germanic.It also answers the question about what the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne, since the very formation of European civilization, it happened during the reign of Charlemagne.
Two King
Father Charles, Pepin the Short, early taught his son to administer state affairs, noting the explicit analytical skills and a willingness to commit acts.Young Charles was active in the court meetings, willingly and wit to administer diplomatic affairs, participated in the campaigns of Aquitaine.When Pepin the Short died twenty-six son was already prepared for self-government.What are the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne the most?Proper education of the heirs, timely, although it is very early, all the training and everything that is needed to control the state.
at Pepin's son was not alone.And possessions were divided almost equally: Karl got Nuanon and Karlomanu - Soissons.The two - full and equal king of the Franks.As usual, the fraternal relations were not.For a simple agreement required the greatest labor, and enough for the collision of the smallest provocation.
enemies For newborn civilization francs it became expanse: the newly subjugated Aquitani raised their heads, the Saxons and Britons pressed from the east and from the west, and from the territory of modern Italy came to the real threat - the king of the Lombards Desiderius, has united most of the peninsula.That he was a real army and huge resources.First of all affected papal lands conquered more Pepin and presented to Rome.Plus, Desiderius fast friends and intermarried with the surrounding Dukes, who also did not like the development of the Frankish state.
Carl same all the time pretending not to notice the threat.He carefully studied their country, traveling, hunting, gifts to monasteries, feasting.Between these chores easily suppressed an uprising Aquitaine.He called his brother was hiking on the Gascony and Aquitaine, but he flatly refused.Carl handle himself.
Meanwhile Desiderius took from the pope to the area of the region.Stephen III tearfully asked for help from two brothers - and Carloman and Charlemagne.But I do not get it.Carloman did not want to fight, but Carl was married a second time.His mother - Bertrada - forced his son to abandon the former wife Himiltrudy as a pledge of peace brought from the south - the daughter of Desiderius, desideratum.Positions francs in Italy quickly folded, the impact melt.
Unified Power
Karl endured this situation very long.He went to his father Dezoderatu almost completely severed ties with his brother and began to prepare for war.However, Carloman suddenly and unexpectedly died for all.Karl took over the inheritance and became the only rightful King of the Franks.
And right away, with 772 years, began a life-long great war: the campaign, an invasion, a siege, suppression of the neighbors, the war - a vicious circle.Every year in May, going to military training - where the planned operation.Sometimes in a year it does not suit one campaign, but two.
Karl quickly became a great military leader and strategist.Most often, the threat was approaching from different directions, many tormented sense of chaos and destruction.However, all of the nodes to unravel, and the results were excellent.Carl hurriedly understand the essence of the situation and immediately took action.
One of his appearance in the armed forces is the key to victory and instilled confidence: Karl - two meters tall, handsome hero, powerful and quiet - for a confidently led all very brave warriors.What are the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne as a result, difficult to even list.
Create Army
Karl fought constantly, and it required considerable human and financial resources.With the resources were better - huge territory gave everything and more.But they had to keep.Traditions predecessors - and his father, and grandfather - were continued in the form of military reform.
feudal lords for regular service increments its land holdings (benefice), plus the fact - already existed conscript system.By order of the year all the big landowners - graphs and bishops - were with their horse and foot to the place of gathering people already armed and curb.
Absence time promised huge fine while dodging - a much more serious punishment.Mobilization was rarely universal, often fought exactly the areas within which threatening neighbors.It was a very efficient system, and the state francs expanded and strengthened.So what achievements famous empire of Charlemagne?Grade 6 answers: the creation of this army mobilization system.
war with the Lombards
Desiderius was deeply offended and angry much: to clean all the supporters of Charles in his country, took Carloman fled relatives and demanded that the Pope's coronation of one of the sons of the deceased king to the Frankish throne.
But Dad has changed.Instead, pliable and soft Stephen met him willed Adrian.And met with restraint, demanding guarantees.Instead, Desiderius again began to ravage the Papal States.Adrian closed in Rome and sent word to Charles about the threat of the Holy Roman Church.
This time Carl was ready.For complete purification of conscience, he twice tried to reach an agreement with Desiderius, but did not succeed.Yes, and did not want to, I guess.The talks broke down.Alpine passes were closed and tightly fastened.Karl for some unknown mountain paths turned the whole army to bypass and went to the rear of the enemy, laid siege to Pavia, where Desiderius fled and took Verona - the second capital of the kingdom of the Lombards.
Carl went to Rome as a victor.He has promised (and cheated!) Adrian new ownership.Meanwhile, the siege of Pavia was completed successfully.Desiderius and his family was cut to monasteries.Charles became king of the Lombards and united the two kingdoms into one - Frankish.Lombards ceased to exist.What are the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne?The short answer is difficult to give.No matter how bad imperialism, but petty feudal fragmentation - the last round of European history.And it is also in the treasury of facts about what the achievements of the famous empire of Charlemagne.
Order in Italy
However, the war ended with the defeat of Desiderius not.The newly Roman patrician Karl was forced more than once to put down rebellions and conspiracies to disclose.
finally establish peace in Saxony, he brought to Rome his young son Pepin, who was anointed to reign in the former Lombards.The old laws complied with, at the local nobility were some privileges and public offices.
But, of course, no solution is passed without the consent of Karl - is great because in the Northern and Central Italy, he had acquired absolute power.Now it is clear, even some famous achievements of the empire of Charlemagne.The short answer is - a wise policy.
Bavarian passion
defeat neighboring Lombardy very damaged state of Bavaria - both military and political.Duke Tassilon III was clever, and flexible: not so long ago, he created a coalition of Bavaria and the Lombards, and is now trying to irritate no great Frankish king.Even resumed oath given more to his father Charles.But from the autocracy was not going to give up and do not lead troops during the May gathering.A secret agreement concluded with the Byzantine Empire, with all Italian opponents Karl, even with the Danube crash - against Charlemagne.
Karl endured all this is not so long.Having dealt with the war in Saxony, he led the troops to the borders of Bavaria.Tassilon began to seek the protection of the Pope, who has agreed to be a mediator in the search for peace.Karl offered to sign a specific set of documents, but after Tassilona secretly left the city to not give any promises.Dad was angry and blessed Charles to war.
Bavarians, unlike Tassilona to Franks harbored no hatred, more afraid.And because the Bavarian king suddenly left with a depleted army.Do nothing - Karl brought gifts fief oath and left the hostages - even his son.
Tassilon Sejm was convicted of treason and sentenced to death.Carl pardoned him, forever imprisoned in a monastery.Tassilona spouse and all of his children suffered the same fate.
Bavaria was abolished autonomy.Counts-governors reported directly to Charles.Together with Bavaria Franks got and Slavic lands - extreme and Carinthia, then have access to the Balkans.So replenished territory.That's what achievements famous empire of Charlemagne (History, Grade 6, in tune with the modern times).
Coronation at Empire
So passed the first thirty years of the reign of Charles - in the incessant wars, intrigues and numerous victories, which brought so many countries - large and small, people - militant and not that it has become difficult all these household headmaintaining the same title.King of the Franks thought about the imperial crown.
What achievements famous empire of Charlemagne?Answers may vary, but one of them - this: reconciliation and fusion of diverse elements in the form of tribes Saxons, Franks, Lombards, friezes, Alamanov, Bavaria - that is, old-German bottling tribes - Slavic, Romance, and many other components of the Empire.Neutral new title was needed: this is an indisputable authority among all subjects completely, regardless of their origin, language, even the faith.
solve this difficult issue could only Rome.Helped case.Pope Leo III, the successor of Adrian, got into an ugly story, and asked for help from Karl as the great patrician deciding public issues.Against the Pope was a conspiracy and attempted murder.Perhaps the reason was established in the papal court too secular order, which shocked the noble family of the deceased Adrian.Leo III escaped from intruders and crossed the Alps, covered with Karl.
Karl gathered an army, and immediately moved to Italy to establish where the highest authority of the arbitration.A trial was held, during which Pope Leo III cleared oath, and his accusers could not prove anything.Of course, the bishops liked this action a little, but contemplating the walls of the troops of Charlemagne, very few people able to object.What are the achievements of famous empire of Charlemagne?The short answer may be this: the conquest of world domination.
famous act of the coronation took place on Christmas Day 800 years of the Basilica of St. Peter.Frankish king after laying the Pope was proclaimed a magnificent crown crowned by God the great and peace-loving (!) Roman Emperor Charles Augustus.These words are repeated three times, all those present in the temple.
and the formula itself and the course of events and the meeting of the church's highest representatives of the company told us that the program has been drawn up in advance and carefully, however disabuse everybody and Papa and Carl himself.Immediately it was brought oath of allegiance - also all present, beginning with the Pope.More What achievements famous empire of Charlemagne!
So again restored the Roman Empire, this time with a Christian church in the composition and the head of the German Emperor.Karl had to edit a very long time and triumphantly.He is buried in his native Aachen.
