concept of "dialogue" is firmly established in our lives.We are uttering a word, do not even think about its true sense.
Dialogue - a sophisticated tool
meaning of the word "dialogue" in Latin - a conversation two.But this, if I may say so, the simplest interpretation of the definition.In the highest sense of dialogue - is opposed to the monologue.In earlier times, this tool most often used in such complex and difficult things like philosophy, rhetoric, logic, sophistry.The goal pursued by the dialogue - it's as clear a report to the listener the idea, while considered from several points of view.Of these, the result will be either selected the most precise wording, or display the general corresponding to the position of the author.Here, in general, it has a sense of dialogue.Punctuation in dialogue is easy to remember: each replica begins on a new line, and before it is put dashes.
Multiple simplification
dialogue remained a long time to live only in the simplest interpretation, that is was a simple chat.A first use of it as a genre as philosophical and literary instrument held for several millennia BC.By the way, now just celebrated the return of a serious dialogue in the sphere of art, after several centuries of oblivion.
wise Asia
As yet, in most of the European civilization, we have, in terms of Europe, the dialogue will speak.However, wrong not to mention that in the east of the tool and the notion of literature as well there for a long time.And we're talking about high-interpretation of this type of communication.The first real mention of the use of dialogue in the philosophical sense, the Middle East and Asia belong to the second century BC.Actively this tool is used in the hymns of the Rig Veda and the Mahabharata.In general we can say that understanding, in the highest sense, the dialogue between East and West at the same.
Plato follower
first use of dialogue in philosophy and literature is usually attributed to Plato.It is understood that this ancient Greek philosopher systematized and made the instrument an independent literary form.As a point of reference is considered to be his experiments in the early work "Laches".However, Plato is not the founder, and a follower of what he writes, and in some of his works.About half a century before the tool used by Sicilian poets and Epiharm Sofron.And so skillfully that it made a lasting impression on Plato, in his first works he tried to imitate these masters.
Forgotten teacher
To this day, unfortunately, the work of these two authors are not there yet, so we can only speculate about their power, if they so struck Plato.By the way, there is reason to believe that there are a number of figures, in addition to the above, use the dialogue as a welcome.But the story, unfortunately, has not kept even their names.
complex student
In the works of Plato's dialogue - this is a very strong philosophical and literary element.But the author has simplified the very notion.The fact that in his writings he used the argument only, while his teacher was no less important and even mimic component.For some reason, the ancient Greek philosopher of it almost abandoned, and his followers in time and stopped using it altogether.More or less understand what was originally a dialogue and what is the definition put its "inventors" is still possible.
first followers
after Plato's death, a host of his followers not only in philosophy but also in literature.One of them was Lucian of Samostaty.Works of this author is a remarkable irony that time, and at the same time the seriousness of the topics covered.Oh gods, of death, of courtesans and love, philosophy, finally, just about the world he wrote in his works the ancient Greek poet who lived in the second century AD.And for some of his creations he had to pay, it was too caustic they were.Dialogue was a popular genre of "smart" literature up to the XII century.
Forgotten tool
Fashion changeable thing, even if we are talking about "smart" literature and philosophy.Authors such as Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas took off from the pedestal dialogue as a literary form, replacing it sums.Serious writers in half a millennium later denounced basically my thoughts, the evidence and reflections in them.The amounts are considered the object under study from all possible points of view, analyze it, sometimes leading encyclopedic data.The problem is that the dynamics of dialogue and ease of understanding of these creatures vanished.Formation of the sum as the main genre of philosophy largely explains the "darkness" of the Middle Ages.In order to understand the complex processes of life and death, to find out what they think about the great sages, it was necessary to have a huge store of knowledge to which access was limited to this format.The simplicity and clarity of the dialogue was lost.
triumphant return
The Renaissance and modern times Dialogue as a genre has returned to its rightful place.Significant and important work are beginning to appear in the end of XVII - beginning of XVIII century.The thirst for knowledge and the desire to convey their thoughts to the greatest possible range of people again makes this genre of popular philosophers, theologians, writers, will join them even musicologists.Dialogues written by such figures as Fontenell and Fenelon, of the same product, in fact, gave impetus to the new popularity of the genre.In the wake of the new Italian fashion, the authors decided to go even further - they build their works in the image of Plato's treatises, sometimes completely copying them, of course, add your own thoughts.His dialogues in Italy wrote celebrities like Galileo, Tasso and leopards.
modern times, the revolution and oblivion
Industrial Revolution, which began during the next peak of popularity dialogues, cast him into another abyss of oblivion.Life is so accelerated, that the time for lengthy intellectual conversation is no more."Speak clearly and to the point!"- Is the main motto of the industrial revolution.Of course, with this approach the dialogue again priravnyalisk normal conversation.New Era has established a direct relationship between word and deed.That's just an ideological component, present in the works of Plato, disappeared without a trace.Dialogues were not the way to explain something, and to understand, and a call to action, a means of communication.
rapid twentieth century
With the end of the new time has come the latest.This is probably the worst, quick and bloody period in the history of mankind.Time for reflection is almost gone, the war gave way to one another, as well as the revolution.Prerequisites for the return of dialogue as a serious genre is simply absent.We can not say that he was in absolute oblivion, it was used, but only a few.
"Return" Plato and Socrates
Rare writers experimenting with dialogues, often used as interlocutors of these Greek philosophers.It is often enough.As a result, even formed a new subspecies of this literary device, the name "Platonic dialogue."
Russia and the concept
so happened that talking about dialogue as a concept and genre, we are not concerned Russia.The fact is that in our country this tool, in fact, the popularity has never lost.There have always been authors writing in this genre.Moreover, it is the national philosophy, literary critic and theorist of European culture and arts Mikhail Bakhtin could finally give a complete definition of the concept of "dialogue".Examples of research he found in the works of Dostoevsky.As a result, Mikhail made certain conclusions.In particular, Bakhtin defined forms of dialogue.A total of two.The first type - is comprehensive.In this case, the tool is considered as a kind of universal human reality, you need to complete formation of the person.The second type - a direct dialogue.In this case, it means the event - human communication.
Modernity
By the end of the twentieth century, the dialogue becomes the main instrument of our lives.This is due to the fact that humanity is in the midst of the "cold war," threatened with destruction, could stop thinking about his future.This was the impetus for the return of the genre.Moreover, today the dialogue - is not just a tool of philosophers, writers and other scientists, is a public institution.Pedagogy can not imagine myself without conversation teacher and student, politics and without this form of communication can not do.Please note, a number of international organizations designed to solve the problems of humanity are in the name of that word.For example, the "civil society dialogue".Moreover, finally appreciating the beauty and possibilities of this tool in the exchange of their own unique vision of the world, people began to distinguish between specific types of dialogues: equitable, structuring, discussion and confrontational.And each of these people used to the maximum in order to reach consensus on a variety of issues or inform the world about their own point of view.
Dialogues - the road to the future
Today, against the wishes of some communication back to the level of monologues, "two communication" is developing more and more.Humanity has finally realized the power and possibilities of dialogue in the highest sense, learned the lessons of history, which shows us that it is necessary to come to the dictatorship of a single vote, comes as the "dark time".I want to believe that communication, in which all points of view are heard, will continue to develop further, but this path will lead to the prosperity of mankind.
