The need to show documents the rights and duties of the child, arose relatively recently.The Company only in the twentieth century recognized the importance of combating the exploitation of child labor, child slavery, prostitution and trafficking of minors.Finally, in 1924 it adopted a document that fully covers the existing problems.Prior to that, the rights and obligations of the child were considered only in a general perspective.
The work
In 1924 the League of Nations adopted a declaration devoted to "children's" problems.
In 1946, UNICEF established the Foundation, which is based on a mechanism to help children around the world.
1959 marked the adoption of the Declaration of the rights of children, which were displayed the basic rights and duties of the child in any country.
But effective mechanisms to protect the rights of the child population of the planet Declaration is not described, so it became necessary to develop a new document - the Convention on the Rights of the Child.On November 20, 1989 the UN took it.
main provisions
rights and duties of the child occur immediately after birth, but their implementation is only possible as he matures.Each year, the child's ability to exercise their rights and fulfill obligations is growing.And for 18 years it becomes fully capable member of society.At what age, and that the child has the right to do and what responsibility can bear?
From birth the child has the right: to a nationality, the surname, name and patronymic, family, the fact, to know their parents, the education, care and protection of the legitimate rights and interests of parents (in their absence, the duties of parents to raise their childrenassigned to the persons replacing them) for all-round development, to respect, to express their opinions on issues concerning its interests, to appeal to the guardianship.
and a half years the child has the right to visit the manger, and in three years - kindergarten.
In six years, citizens have the right to attend school, to enter into small transactions at the household level, as well as an agreement on the disposal of personal funds with their parents.Duties of trustee - completely replace parents in their absence.
the age of eight child can join children's organizations.
Ten citizen has the following rights:
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to their own opinion in solving any problems in the family;
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to give consent to the change of his name or the name, as well as to the adoption or restoration of parental rights of their parents;
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decide with which parent he wants to live after the divorce, if they disagree;
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to testify at any hearing.
In the eleven years the child already is responsible for violation of the rules of public order and can be placed in an institution for re-education.
Fourteen teenager can independently manage their earned money, he has the right to change citizenship, go to court, with the consent of the parents to make various types of transactions, and to make cash deposits in financial institutions and to dispose of them.The citizen in 14 years has the right to obtain a passport, in some cases, to marry and to seek employment in the simple work (up to 4 hours per day) with the consent of parents.At this age, the teenager is criminally responsible for serious crimes, and may be expelled from the school for the offense.
In 16 years, the citizen can be a member of the joint-stock company or a cooperative, may independently enter into an employment contract (concessional) or engage in entrepreneurial activity (in this case it is declared fully operational), is criminally responsible for all kinds of crimes have the right to marry.
At the age of eighteen a man becomes a full citizen.
