Voronezh, Caucasus and the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is the largest nature conservation regions situated on the former Soviet Union.And what is a biosphere reserve?Primarily, this protected area, which is a unique natural ecological system.In addition, it and the adjacent land is constantly being monitored and the study of natural environments.
History of the Voronezh Reserve
His creation of state reserve primarily obliged to beavers.Because prior studies in the territory of the national park was a hunting zoo, which first brought the deer and beavers.Recent large enough to form a colony.
history Reserve originated in 1919.Then study the nature of the Voronezh province expedition was sent here.Group of scientists took four long years to fully explore the area, which is now the Voronezh Biosphere Reserve.After that, the expedition leader asked to organize a permanent protection beavers to prevent their destruction.
Already in 1923 was created protected area, which runs along the river Usmani, with a population of less then a hundred beavers.Thanks to the care of human population of beavers has increased significantly, and they ceased to be on the verge of extinction.In 1927, the protected area officially became a reserve.And in 1985 he became a biosphere.
main tasks
Voronezh Biosphere Reserve is located in the territory of Voronezh and Lipetsk regions.Its area is over 30 thousand. Ha.Symbols Reserve - figure beaver and deer, edged branches.
Nowadays this place is a unique natural area, which presents a variety of flora and fauna.
The main objectives are the conservation of island workers forests, species richness of animals, a study of the environmental situation.In addition, the Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve - a place where research staff are engaged in an active environmental education.
Flora
On the territory of the present reserve is a huge number of rare plants.Here, a wonderful combination of oak, pine, birch and aspen trees.
Voronezh Biosphere Reserve is a unique place, where there is still preserved a rare plant taiga - blueberries.In addition, the territory is a large number of reservoirs.So here you can find many rare plants that grow in swamps and rivers.Among them are alder floodplain, which begin to bloom in spring and bright flowers iris and marsh marigold.
In the hot season on the lakes and rivers of the forest appear Potbelly flowers, lilies and vodokras.In addition, in this area, especially along the river Ivnitsy grows a huge amount of ostrich fern.And on the shores of Lake Clear you can see rare species of plants - lzhekamysh ordinary.
Fauna
Creating a reserve related to the appearance of beavers, so the protection and enhancement of these and other species is the main focus of work.Voronezh Biosphere Reserve inhabited by a large number of large mammals.This boar, roe deer, moose and deer.
most numerous predator reserve is considered to be an ordinary fox.However, on the territory there are also larger predators, such as wolves.Of course, the most important place in the life of the reserve occupied by beavers, which have multiplied from a few tens to a few hundred.
Biosphere Reserve "Voronezh" inhabits nine kinds kunitsevyh.You can often find and badgers.However, the most common are the animals of the family Khomyakov.Among this type often possible to meet the various voles, for example, ordinary, ginger, water and the dark.
The reserve is home to as many birds.Most often you can find geese, sparrows and falcons.
History of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
history of this protected space has its origins in 1981, when the Danube flooded areas were created on the basis of a branch of the Black Sea Reserve.Then he occupied an area of nearly 15 thousand. Ha.Due to grandee of the World Bank in 1995, it was able to organize on the basis of a small protected area of huge Danube Biosphere Reserve.
current size it was in 1998, after the decree of the head of state of his territory increased to almost 50 thousand. Ha.The territory of modern reserve includes Stentsivsko-Zhebriyanski smoothly Zhebriyanski ridge channel island Ermakov.Included in its composition and fisheries, which is located nearby.
Development Programme intends to extend protected areas by 2015. The Danube Park by the most valuable of its ecosystem of wetlands, which are located on the city Reni.Therefore, shortly Reserve will occupy all the territory's most valuable wetlands Danube.
Activities scientists
Danube Biosphere Reserve was created to protect the unique nature of the Danube.Scientists scrutinize the nature of the Danube Delta, are the background environmental monitoring, as well as to educate the population.
Moreover, studies carried out in the field of nature conservation and environmental protection.Of particular importance is the study of human factors that affect the state of the ecosystem as a whole.There are carried out and measures to help reduce the anthropogenic impact on nature to a minimum.
Reserve cooperates with international organizations, including work on UNESCO's programs.With this actively to draw public attention to environmental problems in the region.
study not only the changes in the flora and fauna of the reserve, but also to water and climate change.Work is also ongoing monitoring of the status of the Danube, marshes and shallow rivers.
Flora Reserve
flora of the reserve is rich in unique plants.Its flora includes almost 600 different species.This diversity of flora is preserved thanks to the very fertile soil and plenty of moisture.In addition, the soil contains a large amount of sludge caused the river.
most popular plant species are narrow-leaved cattail and bulrush.On the banks of the Danube, you can see the willow thickets, which have a width of about 100 meters.In this area there are white triandra, loshka and other kinds of plants.In the coastal part of the reserve can be found amorphous roses, sea buckthorn and tamorizk galuzisty.
in tall grass you can see small areas with aquatic vegetation.White water lilies, schitolistye floaters, floating nut and Salvinia floating - a rare species, which are abundant in the biosphere reserve.Photos of unique species until recently could only be seen in the Red Book of Ukraine.But thanks to the efforts of scientists of rare plants are now comfortable in nature.
Fauna
is unique and fauna of the Danube reserve.The greatest number of species falls on birds.This feature is reserved place - because of the large amount of food resources.Here you can see a seagull, heron, gray goose, coot, swans, ducks and tern.In addition, there are rare species of birds.Among them, not to mention pink pelicans, spoonbills, Dalmatian pelicans and red-breasted goose.The reserve is not only the birds are resting during the flight, but some winter waterfowl species.
Here you can also find about 100 species of fish.Some kinds of them very rare, for example, Umbria, and the big chop small, sturgeon and Danube salmon.Among the mammals in the reserve you can find wild pigs, wild cat and the raccoon dog, as well as dozens of reptiles and amphibians.Among the inhabitants of the reserve of more than 20 species of insects that are listed as endangered.
history of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve
Its history began in 1924.Since that time, this protected area to protect the steel at the legislative level.Previously there was an organization "Kuban hunting."The area of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve - over 250 thousand. Ha.This reserve is unique in its beauty and diversity of species of flora and fauna.
Caucasian Biosphere Reserve in 1999, was listed as a UNESCO natural objects that have global significance.The area in 1997 is part of an international network of biosphere reserves.This is the only reserve of the Greater Caucasus, which is located at an altitude of about 3.5 km above sea level.
Security Services
Caucasian Biosphere Reserve is an object, in the territory currently under environmental and educational activities.But what is a biosphere reserve, and what are its main aims?
Caucasian Reserve is a strictly protected area, where you can find rare natural objects that have an important natural or scientific value.Its staff engaged in research of rare species found on its territory, the monitoring mechanisms of the biosphere, as well as monitoring the effects on living organisms of man-made factors, as well as protecting them from these factors.
an important role in the work of scientists of the reserve defense played its territory from economic activities, because it should remain without any changes to the nature of man.His aides say researchers of the media to help educate the public.
Landscape Reserve
Caucasian National Park has a unique geographical location.Here you can see the high plateaus, rocks, hollows, cuesta ridges, many small lakes and mountain rivers, coniferous and mixed forests.
What is a biosphere reserve in such a place?It has a mountainous terrain, which is characterized by vertical zoning.Here there nival belt, subalpine mixed forests, coniferous and beech forests, and others.In the gorges one can see the forests and meadows, as well as lakes and mountain streams.The mountain peaks are covered with eternal glaciers, and where many rivers originate reserve.
Vegetation The flora of the reserve is diverse.In the same area there are also plants of the tundra, and heat-loving.Total flora of the region has nearly 3000 species, of which more than 200 species of trees and shrubs occupy.
At the reserve grows unique fir.In addition, here you can find plants that have survived since the pre-glacial period.This holly, yew, laurel and ginseng.Occurs and a large number of different berry, fruit and medicinal plants.
Fauna of the Caucasus Nature Reserve
Nature reserves primarily created to preserve the unique animal proozhivayuschih in a particular region.In the Caucasus Nature Reserve is home to over 70 species of mammals.Among them, wild boar, bear, deer, lynx, Kuban wolves, foxes, badgers, martens and other rare animals.Of particular importance to the reserve are the mighty bison.
In addition, the territory of the reserve can be found more than 240 species of birds.These are such rare species as the bearded, griffon vulture, golden eagle, Caucasian black grouse.Many of these birds nest on the territory of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.
pride reserve is a huge variety of fish, of which there are about 20 species.Most often in the rivers you can see the brown trout.In addition, ten species of amphibians such as the newt, frog and Caucasian Parsley Frog and nearly 20 species of reptiles.The most common of them - a Caucasian lizard and adder.At the reserve grows a lot of mushrooms - almost a thousand species.Among them, 20 of those that are listed as endangered.
