All adjectives are characterized by a set of lexical and grammatical features.On this basis, they can be divided into two large discharge.This qualitative and relative adjectives.Distinguish they can be on several parameters: the shape and value of the morphemic composition possible to form new words, and the way in which they come syntactic relations with other members of the sentence or phrase.
qualitative adjectives immediately called the properties and quality of the object, which are perceived by all the senses, and the ones that give the subjects evaluation qualify them.They also describe the physical condition of animals and humans.
qualitative adjectives are non-derivative and derivative.In the first case the sign is already expressed in the semantics of the root (evil, dull, white, silly, blue).Qualitative adjectives derivatives formed suffixed way express the properties of the object is using this morpheme: attractive, talkative, hairy.Moreover, the semantics of the suffix is always an individual character, his attitude to producing a differentiated basis.Qualitative adjectives can be created and the method of addition.Then they include and motivate basis: long-armed, light blue.
reverse process occurs when qualitative adjectives are formed from other parts of speech, such as qualitative adverbs and nouns related to the abstract category with a value assessment of something: beauty, blue, tenderness;good, humane, stupid.
use this kind of adjectives can be in full or in summary form, has several degrees of comparison.
qualitative adjectives can be such phrases that express the intensity of the symptoms: very quiet, frighteningly dark, extremely good.
Finally, these adjectives have the opposite meaning, that is, antonyms.For example, clean - dirty, good - evil, quiet - loud.
All of the features listed above should not be considered absolute, because you can not take them to the complex to every single adjective of discharge quality.But they can be taken as a basis to define the lexical and grammatical style of this part of the speech.After all, these features are constantly found in qualitative adjectives, but in varying amounts.Even if we take into account one of the properties mentioned above, it will still help to determine the category of adjective.For example, the adjective "married" can not be assigned to a relative for only one feature - the presence of the short form.
distinguish this category of adjectives of quality allows a number of signs.Thus, relative adjectives are unable to form new words belonging to other parts of speech.This is possible only if they move into the category of quality: a cursory examination - examine the surface.
addition forms are not formed on the relative degree of adjectives and comparisons.
Also, they do not build syntactic relations, expressing the intensity of a feature.
value of qualitative adjectives quite stable.Only a part of the terms they acquire partial relativity.For example, light industry, ferrous metallurgy, voiced consonant.
A relative adjectives, on the contrary, can easily lose their relativity and acquire shades of qualitative values.For example, copper wire and copper color, gold earrings and gold character.
In general, the relative adjective is used instead of a quality so often that a property can be considered its potential.
