verbal forms - a very important point in the study of a foreign language, and if you choose to learn the language perfectly, take this subject seriously and responsibly.In this article, we will focus on gerunds and that is the gerund in English.
So called non-personal gerund form of the verb in the English language, which is formed by connecting the end of the verb ing. For example: verb - to read , gerunds - reading .In the Russian language concepts similar gerund not.Word reading from the above example can be translated as reading.So, despite the fact that the gerund in English language is a form of the verb, the more it has the hallmarks of a noun.If we talk about its function in the sentence, it may be subject to, and complement (direct or prepositional) and predicative.Gerund may be preceded by pronouns and prepositions.
If there is a noun with the same value as the gerund used by you, it is better to use the noun (for example: his arrival - no his arriving , and his arrival ).
gerund in English can be used in various forms.It can be in the present tense ( I dislike shooting - I do not like to shoot);in perfect shape (We were charged with having let him to commit a crime - have been accused of that we gave him to commit a crime);in the form of the passive voice (T hey both do not like being talked about - they both do not like to talk about them);as well as in the negative form ( Not knowing what to say, he left the house - not knowing what to say, he left the house).
Consider the examples of the use of the gerund as the subject, predicate and additions:
Flying makes him sick.
During his trip sick.(Subject)
She does not allow smoking here.
It is not allowed to smoke here.(Direct object)
He does not believe in buying beer as an investment.
He does not think that the purchase of beer - a profitable investment.(Prepositional complement)
My favorite activity is walking.
My favorite activity - walking.(Predicative)
Since gerunds in English is the verb form, it certainly has a number of features of the verb.As this part of the speech takes the gerund behind additions: I like reading books - I like to read books ( books - addition to the gerund).
But please note that when the gerund use with the article, it does not take a direct object, and reading books turns into the reading of books.
Very often a gerund used possessive pronouns and a number of attributive words (such as this, each, some etc), which indicate the committed action.For example: Does my smoking bother you? - You do not interfere with what I smoke ?; There is no hope of his getting well - There is no hope that he would recover.
If we talk about such a concept as spoken English, gerunds in this case is used less frequently and instead of possessive pronouns or words in a sentence attributive nouns appear, or a series of personal pronouns.For example: She insisted on my reading the letter.
also personal pronouns and nouns a bit more appropriate in cases where the noun expresses an inanimate object, or when a gerund is in the form of the passive voice.For example: He was shocked at Mr Black being arrested - He was shocked when Mr. Blake was arrested; There was no hope of rain stopping for another hour - there was no hope that the rain will stop in the next hour.
Very often the use of gerund verbs of perception with nouns and personal pronouns.For example: She saw me running out of that classroom - She saw how I ran out of the class.
So, gerunds in English is very common, especially among native speakers.That is why students and ordinary people who are learning English and want to perfect their own, need to know the basic rules of the use of the verbal form.First of all, we should pay attention to the difference in the use of the gerund and an infinitive (the infinitive in a sentence, and the gerund is sometimes the same function, so it is often very difficult to decide where and what form of the verb to use more convenient and appropriate), to understand the forms of the gerund andunderstand where it is appropriate and what is not.This article is just to familiarize you with the basic information, which has many intersnyh subtleties and nuances.Advances in the study of the English language!
