very ancient Chinese civilization.It has four thousand years.Ever since the days of Marco Polo Celestial involves researchers and travelers.In this country, most of the residents - it is home to a fifth of all people on the planet.If we consider the area of China, the State is the third largest in the world.
Although Mao Zedong era has passed, the power of the Communist Party, as well as its impact on all spheres of life is still enormous.In 1979, the country launched a state program called "2 + 1".It was developed with the purpose of birth control.So, the family is signed with the State of an agreement under which spouses are obliged to have one child in exchange for the tax, and many other benefits.Violation of the rules entails deprivation of financial privileges and imposing a fine.
Until the nineties of the twentieth century, the Chinese were not allowed to use private cars.All vehicles in the possession of the state.For this reason, people use bicycles without exception, and now two-wheeled vehicles are not less in demand.
Area China had previously been divided into five time zones.Such a system existed from 1912 till 1949, the year.Currently, the entire country is administratively located in the same time zone.Daylight saving time is not carried out.
Geographical location
Celestial Empire is in the East and Central Asia.As the map of China, the country is bordered by Russia, India, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, North Korea and Vietnam.Formally, the State under review belongs to the island of Taiwan, but in fact it is neither of whom is independent.
area of China has the following geographic features: in the east - the plain, in the center - a hill to the west - the mountain.
Administrative division
part of the state has five national autonomous regions, four cities a special submission, as well as the province of China, which includes a list of twenty-two points.
Climatic features
area of China lies in the three climatic zones.This temperate, subtropical and tropical.The mountain climate is sharply continental.
noteworthy that the weather conditions of the country to a large extent determined by its topography, because China is a giant staircase drops from the high mountains of Central Asia towards the ocean.It was she, and forms a kind of screen, on the one hand helps retain moisture, which comes during the summer monsoon from the ocean to the land, and on the other - may influence the run-off of cold air masses from the zone of high pressure in winter located in the territory of Mongolia, southern Siberia and northwestern China.
The majority of China's area (in sq. Km is almost 9.6 million) is under the influence of continental climate.The difference between the seasons is essential.
According to the testimony of the written sources dating from the first millennium BC, earlier the Great China Plain was warmer.This fact, as well as fertile soils of forests largely contributed to the emergence and successful development of agriculture in this region, which, in turn, stimulated the emergence of a great civilization.
At the dawn of our era the climate became colder.Average temperatures were generally in line with modern, and then began the widespread cooling that time spread throughout Eurasia.
Architecture
total area of China is huge - more than nine and a half square kilometers.Nevertheless, such an impressive area dominated by one architectural tradition can not be said about any European culture.All the basic structural and decorative techniques developed centuries ago and are still relevant.This affects the cultural sustainability of the country that has experienced a lot of foreign invasions.The secret lies in the fact that all the innovations residents of this state passed through the prism of their own perception of the world.That is why the borrowed elements are not much different from the native Chinese.
Regular construction of cities was made on the basis of the principles of Feng Shui.So, all the buildings were oriented to the south.There existed a whole system of town-planning regulations, according to which the administration and the Imperial part of the city is always in the heart, they were surrounded by walls, forming the forbidden territory.The most important buildings were built along the major highways running from the southern gate toward the north.
height and location of structures were determined on the basis of its functions and the position of the owner in the community.Although population density in China is already in the first centuries of our era has been impressive, ordinary citizens were forbidden to build houses higher than one floor.For this reason, a unique volume-spatial composition of settlements.The picturesque landscape of the resulting largely reinforced by the color scheme roofs.Thus, in imperial buildings were painted in gold, at the temples and homes of officials - in the green (sometimes blue).The roofs of the towers were covered with gray tiles.
most famous drink
Describing China: population, area, climate, culture, architecture, economy and other fields - it is impossible not to mention one amazing drink.He has long been a hallmark of the country.This tea.It is a product obtained as a result of a complicated processing of the starting material.Freshly harvested buds and leaves poetically called the emerald tea.Depending on what kind of products are used in their treatment, the green, yellow, white, cyan, floral, crushed, pressed, red, black tea.
unique therapy
Locals are actively engaged in Tai Chi Chuan.This is a special form of gymnastics based on the ancient system of exercise.She, in turn, is based on the inseparable connection of three components - a movement of consciousness and breathing.In many cities, street work under the guidance of professional instructors.They are paid the Ministry of Health, which believe that it is better to pay ten, than to cure a thousand.
basic principle of Chinese treatment is not how to bring health outside, but to awaken the inner strength of the body.And gymnastics in this regard is only one of many options.For example, in the resorts of.Hainan is proposed to eliminate breakdowns due to receive mineral and aromatic baths.The local spas successfully combined modern technology with traditional methods to get rid of their ailments.Chinese doctors base treatment on the concept of the seven emotions.If a person overcomes anger, fear, pain, anxiety, sadness, surprise or happiness, it can alter the equilibrium of his body, that is, lead to disease.As for mineral water Hainan, they just remove the existing emotional stress due to higher content of silver, manganese and hydrogen sulfide.
population
area of China is nearly 9.6 million square feet.km.On this vast territory inhabited by fifty-six nationalities.According to the China population census, the country has 936.7 million Chinese (Han) 67.23 million and representatives of national minorities.
map shows the population density of China's uneven distribution of people.Thus, the majority Han Chinese living in the basins of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and the Pearl River, and the north-east of the country - on Sunlyaosskoy plain.With regard to national minorities, despite the relatively small size, they cover about 60% of the territory of the state.They live in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia Huenskom, Guangxi Zhuang, Xinjiang, and in fourteen provinces.
area of China's square.km is very high, and internal migration of millions of people play a significant role in the distribution of population.Often, urban dwellers are moving to underdeveloped areas.
Currently, the country has seen a change of administration birth material incentives.An example of this is the new slogan of population policy, which states that: "Fewer children you have, will get rich."According to the National Statistics Office of the sixth January 2005 the number of Chinese people reached one billion three hundred million people.Local authorities are trying to do everything possible to natural population growth is zero.It is expected that by 2030 the number of Chinese people will reach its peak and will make 1.46 billion. It is expected that the maximum number of able-bodied citizens will be in 2020 and will amount to 65% of the total population (940 million people).
Experts say that if the government of the republic does not mitigate the current legislation that limits the number of children, then the middle of this century, the title of the most populous state in the world will go to India.
Features
provinces of China Map displays twenty-two territorial units.Each of them is not only an administrative role, but also cultural differences.Most of today's border provinces have set even during the Ming Dynasty.Since that time, seriously transformed territorial division only in the northeastern part of the country.
in mainland China established a rigid subordination of the provinces of the central government, but the reality of local government endowed with a fairly broad powers in the conduct of economic policy.Some researchers have called this sphere the existing system of federalism with Chinese characteristics.Here the analogy with socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Most provinces (with the exception of the north-eastern) border acquired during the reign of the Yuan dynasty, the Qing and Ming.This division is often based on linguistic, geographical or cultural differences.This was done in order to prevent the rise of separatism and local authorities.The locals say that the border between the provinces of alternate clenched teeth like a dog.Despite this, such a division is of great cultural significance.The residents of each province confer certain traits that fit into the existing stereotypes.
Among recent changes in the territorial division of the republic are the following: granting Chongqing and Hainan provincial status, as well as the establishment of special administrative regions of Macau and Hong Kong.What currently exists Province of China?List impressive:
- Shanxi.
- Shandong.
- Guangxi.
- Zhejiang.
- Macau.
- Qinghai.
- Jiangsu.
- Anhui.
- Jiangxi.
- Gansu.
- Jilin.
- Guangdong.
- Henan.
- Guizhou.
- Heilongjiang.
- Liaoning.
- Hebei.
- Sichuan.
- Hunan.
- Fujian.
- Qinghai.
- Hubei.
Attractions
Millions of tourists annually visit China.The area of the country, equal to 9.6 million square kilometers, includes a great number of landmarks, and this attracts travelers from around the world.State carefully takes care of the preservation of a unique historical heritage.Even entire cities (total of 24) are declared strictly protected and properly protected, not to mention the individual monuments.
known in the world of architecture sample of land - is, of course, the Great Wall of China.Its length is four thousand kilometers.The unique construction protects the northern border of the country.He began to build in the fourth and third centuries BC, at a time when some Chinese state were creating defensive structures to protect themselves from attacks of nomadic tribes from Central Asia.According to historians, during the construction of the Great Wall of China was attended by about four thousand people.After the formation of the centralized state its separate sections connected.Thus it was formed a single defensive complex.Completion of construction work accounted for the third century AD.Wall was a defensive wall, which reach heights of ten meters.On top of the wide could move troops and carts.Every hundred meters away stands a defensive tower.
Beijing is famous in China's largest state museum called the National Palace.In the past it was the imperial palace.The construction of a unique architectural monument began in the first half of the fifteenth century.Later, the palace was rebuilt and increased in size.Modern Museum in Beijing is a grand complex, as part of which there are more than a hundred buildings.On the perimeter is surrounded by a wide canal and surrounded by a high stone wall.The total area of the palace - 720,000 square kilometers, and the number of exhibits - 800 thousand.The latter are represented antiquities, including the palace ritual utensils, ancient copper mirrors, jade and porcelain, unique books and archives of the royal palace, of which eight thousand classified as treasures of national importance.Every day, the museum takes thirty thousand visitors.
China has broken a great many garden and park complexes.In general, they are located in the former imperial palaces and private parks of different types of landscape.Of particular interest are the most beautiful man-made mountains, ponds, arbours, bridges and bizarre heaps of stones.
classic example of the masters of landscape art - and He Yuan, park relaxing stay.It is located on the territory of the Summer Palace at Beijing.
The capital of China is a park named Hai Bay, which literally means "Northern Sea".It boasts an artificial lake, which is set on the banks of the interesting pavilions, halls and churches.
Suzhou is rightly called a green city.Currently, there are more than one hundred and landscaping complexes.All of them are designed to please the eye and give shade in the summer heat.
Conclusion
Rapture is not only an impressive area of the country.China - a country that gave the world paper, gunpowder, the compass.In addition, the remarkable role of the national culture.She influenced the vast majority of areas of people's lives and on the development of the country and continues to do so until now.
