Rationalism (ratio) - reflects a philosophical idea, recognizing the thought (the mind) as the source of all knowledge and the criterion of its truth.This doctrine became popular in the 17th century.Fundamentals of philosophical beliefs, traditions brought Rene Descartes.In his "Discourse on Method," "Meditations on the new philosophy" and other writings solved a problem of reliability of knowledge in the field of knowledge and its internal characteristics.It is mainly distinguished by the rationalism of René Descartes from Bacon's theory of practical solidity.
first, developing the idea, argued that there are four rules of cognition: the methodical doubt, control, analysis and evidence.Rationalism Descartes established the certainty of knowing the presence of mind, the philosopher said: "I think, therefore I exist."The proof of this theory, he believed, lay in justification of thinking, credibility.At the same time God is the guarantor of intelligibility of the created world, as well as the objectivity of human knowledge.
system of arguments that leads Descartes explains the idea of the presence of innate ideas as one of the main provisions of rationalism.Created things are learned only through the grooves in the mind.Thus all things are composed of two substances, independent of each other - body and soul.At the same time the nature of the body - not more than the mechanism.Strengthening the predominance of reason over feelings and bodily passions is the outgoing principle to search for various formulas of moral behavior in a variety of situations.This is a concept that carries the rationalism of Descartes.
It should be noted the importance of this great world for the development of philosophy and science.Rationalism Descartes not only contributed to the creation of new rules and principles, but also formed the basis of some scientific disciplines, in particular analytic geometry, mathematics.
dualism underlying ideas, allowed to formulate mutually exclusive dual interpretation of doctrine.Rationalism Descartes provided an explanation of the device world, presenting it in an abstract and visual images simultaneously.The device is the world implied the possibility of dividing it (using analysis) on the components that are logically connected to each other and accurately described mathematically.This hid the methodological basis of the mathematization of natural sciences.
rational man with a deductive and intuitive mind can achieve reliable knowledge.Deductive method only allows those assumptions that are seen for the mind clear, concise - do not cause the truth of his doubt.In addition, this method is carried out within each division of the complex problems in the private, its components, periodic transition from the known to the unknown and proven and unproven, with no gaps are allowed in the test links.
In times of Descartes' philosophy attached great importance.Science is seen as the highest value and the possibility of its practical application in meeting various human needs is even more elevated the men of knowledge thought processes.
Influenced by the teachings of Benedict Spinoza Descartes rationalism expounded by using the geometric method.His ideas, he reflected in his work "Ethics".In this work, each piece begins with a clear and simple definition of the concepts.This is followed by an axiom the statement with proof.In conclusion, as set out philosophical argument.
Spinoza identified three levels of knowledge.First - the highest - supposed to grasp the truth intuitively visible directly reason.The second level involves the arguments of reason, needs no proof.The third and lowest level, based on the sensory perception of the world.
