Yalta on the map is in the southern part of Crimea, from Foros in the west and up to Krasnokamenka the east.This city is recognized as the spa capital of the peninsula, an important passenger and commercial port.
name history
city of Yalta, on the most common version, gets its name from the Greek word "Gialos" which translates to "shore."For the first time this village was mentioned in 1154.Rows of Polovtsian city on the Black Sea coast came from the pen of Arab historian Al-Idrisi.
Yalta on the map.Physical and geographical characteristics
The city is located in the southern part of the Crimean peninsula.It occupies the shore of Yalta Bay, that the Black Sea.In the city there are the hills of Darsan and Glory.From the land is surrounded by a semicircle of Yalta Crimean mountains.
Obschekurortnuyu attraction parks are Vorontsov and Livadia, broken in Greater Yalta (the latter includes the city itself, Alupka and many villages).First of all, they impress with their impressive size.At their creation widely used foreign unique decorative plants.
The climate
Where is the city of Yalta?At about the same latitude as the popular Italian resorts in Genoa and Ravenna.At about 2250 hours, the city caresses the warm sun.Similar rates can boast such luxurious Mediterranean resorts as San Remo, Nice and Cannes.The city of Yalta (Crimea) differs temperate climate similar to the Mediterranean subtropical.Winters are mild and rainy, spring is cool, summer is long and hot, and autumn is warm and long (the so-called Indian summer).
Yalta on the map of Crimea is in the embrace of the warm sea and the mountains, which act as reliable defenders from cold winds.This geographical feature provides favorable conditions for travelers.
Yalta (Crimea) is famous primarily for its recreational resources.Such reserves as "Cape Marian," Crimean Natural and Yalta mountain forest, provide treatment and climatic resort value.
Beaches
Yalta (photos of the city are presented in the article) is famous for its magnificent beaches.However, not so long ago they were subjected to a gradual degradation caused by landslides.People began to purposely ennoble beaches only a few decades ago.So, it was organized by the construction of retaining walls, digging trenches in the seabed and backfilling them with stones.With hundred-ton floating cranes installed groins, and between them were placed millions of cubic meters of rubble.As a result, people have learned to create artificial beaches, even in those areas that were previously considered completely unsuitable for recreation.
fauna, flora
Yalta Reserve is a unique place where it grows about two thousand species of many different plants.Juniper-oak forests and scrub cover the slopes of the city.The most common Scots pine and Crimea, as well as juniper, sessile oak and fluffy, maple, hornbeam, beech, pine, dogwood, pear and mountain ash.
forests on the southern shore are extremely important water protection and soil conservation value, so they are recognized and well protected natural reserves.
fauna of the southern Crimean coast has an island character and is similar in type to the Mediterranean.In this area, you can see red deer, roe deer, mountain sheep, mouflon, marten, badger, squirrel-Teleut, wild boar, weasel, fox, hare, hedgehogs, shrews, bat.
environmental situation
primarily to identify a number of existing problems:
- At least nine units per hour (sometimes this figure reaches up to 1,600 units.) Of the traffic load on the main avenue of Yalta in the summer in the daytime.As for the winter season, the main source of emissions considered as boilers, water treatment systems, the state leaves much to be desired for many years.
- maximum concentration of carbon monoxide on the highways Simferopol reaches six MPC (maximum permissible concentration) and on the road Yalta - three MPC.This may be due to the use of low quality fuel.
- As established experts in Yalta almost twice higher than the optimum concentration of benzopyrene.This fact suggests that the ecological situation in the city poor.
- In March 2012, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development has been allocated ten million hryvnia for modernization Yalta sewage to stop the discharge of effluent into the waters of the Black Sea.However, as of 2013 the city sewage treatment plant are still in a very bad condition.For this reason, the beaches adjacent to the port periodically water contaminated with sewage.
- April 2012 was marked by a broad discussion of the problems of poor cleaning of city streets.Local residents organized their own voluntary work to rid of debris of Yalta.In September of the same year, such events resumed, because the local authorities were not able to maintain cleanliness in the city.
little history
Remains of ancient settlements in the territories of the Crimean inhabitants - Tauris - were found by archaeologists near Simeiz, at Cape Ai-Todor, and on the mountain cat, as well as in some other places.Artifacts were assigned approximately to the fourth-fifth centuries BC.Tees were pirates, fishermen, farmers, hunters and herders.Their way of life can be described as a semi.
According to legend, Yalta - a city founded by Greek sailors.It is believed that they have long roamed the vast expanses of the Black Sea, and after seeing the long-awaited shore, exclaimed: "Gialos" (so the Greek sounds the word "Beach").Since then, the land and named.The maps and documents of XIV century.the city is referred to as Yalita, Gialita, Kallithea and Etalita.
Yalta - it is Russia or Ukraine?Currently, it belongs to the Russian Federation, but in the summer of 1475 the town, like the rest of Crimea, was captured by the Ottoman Turks.South Coast was incorporated in the Ottoman Empire.In the second half of the fifteenth century was a powerful earthquake that destroyed Yalta.Only after seventy years the devastated area began to settle Armenians and Greeks.Historians believe that it was at that time the country was fixed up to now used the name.
Yalta - it is Russia or Ukraine?Even in 1783, Crimea became part of the Russian Empire.This happened as a result of the mass migration of Christians in the Crimean Azov Sea in 1778 and the emigration of the Crimean Tatars in Turkey.At the time of Yalta was a small deserted fishing village.
nineteenth century
Governor-General of Novorossiisk land - Count Vorontsov - in 1823 gave two hundred dessiatines Yalta land subject to dilution of vineyards, orchards and construction.Newly wealthy owners, thanks to the hard work of their serfs, were erected in the area luxurious villas, palaces, mansions, laid the huge industrial orchards and vineyards.In addition, at this time there were magnificent parks that are still pleasing to the eye of locals and tourists: Gurzuf, Massandra, Alupkinsky, Livadia and others.
gradually grew Yalta.Map of the area allowed Vorontsov understand that this unremarkable settlement, thanks to the unique topography and convenient bay, can be important for the Russian city.
Important transformation
1838. The year was marked by the formation of Yalta district.The once deserted village gained city status.A year earlier, Count Vorontsov ordered the construction of a gravel road, which connected with Simferopol to Yalta and Alushta.In 1848, the city has found a direct road connection with Sevastopol.
destruction and rebuilding
During the war of 1853-1856.seriously affected the entire Crimea.Yalta (map of the city at that time helps us to understand the nature and the scale of destruction) was no exception.Over time, the city was restored, moreover, began to speak of him as an excellent resort.Doctor and Professor Botkin Dmitriev noted that Yalta is a salubrious climate.It is for this reason that the emperor Alexander III issued a decree on the construction of two palaces in the city - Livadia and Massandra.
Private construction also does not stand still.So, one of the richest people in Russia - Prince Yusupov - built a palace in Koreiz, Count Milutin - in Simeiz, Naryshkin - in Mishor.
In 1886, according to the instructions of Alexander III, began construction of a powerful breakwater made of stone, as well as sewage systems.Another important realized project of the period was the Yalta embankment.In 1898, construction was completed on the city water supply.
As a result, by the end of the nineteenth century, many knew where Yalta on a map, since the city has been known as a wonderful resort.The interest of those in power fueled by the fact that in 1860 Livadia that near Yalta, became king of the southern seat of the family.
Twentieth Century
Yalta - it is Russia or Ukraine?Russia.And at the beginning of the last century, many members of the imperial nobility considered it their duty to have a palace or even a cottage on the southern coast of Crimea.
By 1914, the city has opened two high schools and commercial school, two of the club, four paid, the library and the same theater.
Regulation Yalta significantly changed after otshumeli two revolutions - February and October.According to the decree of Lenin, luxury mansions and palaces in the use of the people moved away.In addition, actively building new resorts.First opened its doors sanatorium "Dolossy."This happened in 1928.
And war again ...
During the Great Patriotic German troops occupied Crimea.In Yalta, it was deployed anti-Nazi activities.Occupants in the city organized a Jewish ghetto.There were herded yaltintsev 4500.All of them were later shot near the Massandra.In the period from 1941 to 1944 Yalta mercilessly bombarded by enemy aircraft.The city was liberated from the invaders in April 1944
Yalta - it is Russia or Ukraine?From 1954 till 2014 the city was in the second part of the Ukrainian lands, but at present it is part of the Russian Federation.
Recent history
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, started the reconstruction of most of the Yalta coast.As a result, significantly improved the state of the beaches that are now taking more than one thousand people per year, and Massandra even awarded "Blue Flag".In 2003, the reconstruction work was completed on the city's waterfront.Since then, she is not only a shopping street, but also a place of mass celebrations.In 2009, on the same embankment erected a memorial chapel, which was later consecrated in the name of New Martyrs and Confessors Russian.It was built to honor the memory of all the innocent killed during the hard times, during the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War.It is noteworthy that the memorial is not far from the demolished in 1932, a wooden chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, erected in memory of those killed by terrorists Alexander the Second.
March 18, 2014 Crimea (Yalta and including) became part of the Russian Federation.This was based on the national referendum held two days earlier, and the agreement between the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea.
residents of Yalta is not for nothing proudly called hometown open-air museum.Created for the rest of the Russian nobility, this once tiny village is now a popular resort.Tourists from many countries are happy to soak up the local beaches under the warm sun Yalta.
