In the history of Russia, for that matter, any other country, there are many dark pages, when the bloody civil wars became a cause of great disasters for the people and creating favorable conditions for the invaders of all stripes.It was in this situation, Russia has appeared in the late 11th century because of the strife between Oleg and Svyatoslav, Vladimir Monomakh and Svyatopolk II of Kiev, the end of which was intended to put a congress of princes in Lyubech.
Background
To understand what happened in Russia in the period from 1093 for 1097 years, it is necessary to start with a description of the story of the war three sons Svyatoslav Yaroslavich for the inheritance.In particular, Oleg Svyatoslavich, calling upon the Polovtsian, could take away from her cousin - Vladimir Monomakh - Chernigov, which was formerly the capital city of his father.Then the prince took Ryazan and Murom killed in combat Izyaslav ruler, captured its capital, as well as Rostov and Suzdal.Such an act, even in those days was considered as the greatest crime, and took up arms against Oleg all members of the genus Monomakh, who managed to regain their ancestral lands.But the external threat hanging over the country, made bitter enemies to think about that, at least temporarily forget about the contradictions and not to weaken Russia internecine wars.
members of the princely Congress in Lyubech
initiator of collecting the most famous rulers of the unit at the time was Vladimir Monomakh - the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, and the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX.This prince is still in his early youth showed uncommon intelligence and the ability to compromise.In particular, in 1093, being able to ascend to the throne of Kiev, he lost his Svyatopolk to avoid war, and in 1094-m Chernihiv voluntarily left because he understands that he can not stand alone against Oleg Svyatoslavich and Polovtsy.In addition, he was a very ambitious man with far-reaching political plans.
invited to the congress of princes in Lyubech were grandsons of Yaroslav the Wise Svyatopolk II of Kiev, Davyd I., and Davyd and Oleg Svyatoslavichy.In addition, Terebovlia was caused by his great-grandson - cornflowers Rostislavich.
Year 1097: Congress of princes in Lyubech
necessity of meeting the most powerful rulers of the country is long overdue.However, Vladimir Monomakh could not manage to persuade Oleg Svyatoslavich come to Kiev, as he feared an attack.Finally, it was decided to hold a congress of princes in Lyubech.This castle also belonged Monomakh, but there is a long time no one lived.As the chronicle of those years, Prince Vladimir addressed the brothers and encouraged them to forget the enmity and to defend the homeland from a common enemy - Polovtsian.
results in Congress Lyubech
After heated discussions, the princes of the principality redistributed as follows:
- Syatopolku Izyaslavich went to Kiev to Pinsk and tours;
- Vladimir Monomakh received Pereyaslavl principality, Smolensk, Rostov-Suzdal land Beloozero;
- Davyd I. had to manage the Vladimir-Volyn Lutsk;
- Vasilyek Rostislavich with his brother gave Valadar Terebovl, Przemysl and Cherven;
- Svyatoslavichy Davyd and Oleg began to rule in Chernihiv and in Seversk ground, Ryazan, Murom and Tmutarakan.
Thus, the congress of princes in Lyubech proclaimed the principle of inheritance Russian princes of land belonging to their fathers, and his most important result was the formation in Russia of a new political system based on the emergence of large feudal land ownership concentrated in the hands of different branches of the Rurik dynasty.
Subsequent events
Unfortunately, the Congress of Russian princes in Lyubech could not lead to a lasting peace in Russia, as David I. secretly sent a messenger to Svyatopolk with a message about the alleged impending capture of the throne of Kiev, Vladimir Monomakh andcornflowers Rostislavich.This insidious act brought a lot of troubles in our country.The fact that he believed libel Sviatopolk cornflowers invited to Kiev, into prison and blinded.And we preserved evidence that Rostislavich warned of the impending trap.However, he said that the rulers of the Lyubech "kiss the cross," so he does not believe that he would be in danger.The result of action of Svyatopolk and David Igorevich became a new civil war that lasted until 1110.
Congress in Uvetichah
summer of 1110 gathered Prince Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatopolk, Davyd and Oleg Svyatoslavich and "created the world together."Then they called on David Igorevich court, deprived of Vladimir-Volyn principality, but assured that they are not going to take revenge on him.In addition, Svyatopolk gave him Dubna and Chertorizhsk and Svyatoslavichy gave a large sum of money.So how were taken into account interests of all parties, civil war ended.
Thus, the goal of the congress of princes in Lyubech, which was to achieve a lasting peace in Russia, has not been achieved because of the ambition of some of its members.
