ICT (information and communication technologies) - are processes and methods of interaction with the information, which are carried out with the use of computer devices and telecommunications.
Role of ICT in modern society
is now possible to observe the constant growth of the influence of media technologies on humans.A particularly strong impact they have on children: twenty years ago, a child would rather watch a movie than read a book.Today, however, under heavy pressure, advertising, computer technology, electronic toys, game consoles and so on. N. The modern youth are increasingly detached from reality.Now, if the student can not avoid reading the book, he does not go to the library, and download it onto your plate.It is often possible to observe such a picture: the park, the park or the shopping center sits a small group of young people, they do not communicate with each other, all their attention is focused on smartphones, tablets, laptops.If this phenomenon will be observed further, the children will soon completely forget how to communicate.And the Ministry of Education in many countries of our planet rather than to develop students' interest in live communication and education in general, decided to take the path of least resistance and give the kids what they want.According to some experts, the child's brain more receptive to new information, if it is served in a fun way, which is why they easily perceive proposed in class data using of media (in this regard, today is growing use of information and communication technologies in education).It is difficult to argue, but then the flip side of the educational process is that children no longer communicate with the teacher, and therefore decreases the ability to think.Where better to redesign the learning process, so it was not boring, and always supported the child thirst for new knowledge.But the issue will have to leave on the conscience of officials.
concept of communication and information technologies
processes information in modern society, as well as closely related reform of the educational activities are characterized by perfection and the massive spread of modern ICT.They are actively used for data transfer and interoperability of the teacher and the student in the modern system of distance and open education.Today, the teacher is required to have skills not only in the field of ICT, but also responsible for the professional application of information and communication technologies in its immediate activities.
term "technology" has come to us from the Greek language and translated it means "science".The modern understanding of the word involves the application of engineering and scientific knowledge to solve specific practical problems.Then the information and communication technology - is such a technology that aims to transform and processing of information.But that's not all.In fact, the information and communication technology is an umbrella term that describes a variety of mechanisms, devices, algorithms, methods of data processing.The most important modern ICT device is a computer equipped with the necessary software.The second bill, but no less important equipment are considered a means of communication with the information they provide.
ICT tools used in the modern education system
Asset ICT technologies for the information environment of the education system - is a personal computer equipped with the necessary software (system and applied, and tools).Systemic primarily include operational software.It provides coordination of all programs of PC hardware and PC users.This category also includes service and service software.For applications include software, which is a tool of information technology - work with text, graphics, tables, and so on. D. The modern education system makes extensive use of universal crafts office software and ICT tools, such as word processing, presentation, spreadsheet, graphicsbags, organizers, database, and so on. n.
development of information and communication technologies
With the organization of computer networks and similar funds transferred to the formation of a new quality.This is primarily due to the opportunity to obtain information from anywhere in the world.Due to the global computer network Internet is now possible instant access to the information resources of the planet (electronic libraries, repositories of files, databases, and so on. D.).This popular resource published more than two billion of various multimedia documents.The network provides access and allows you to use other common ICT technology, these include newsgroups, e-mail, chat, lists, lists.In addition, developed special software for online communication (real-time), after allowing the establishment of a session to transfer text (entered with the keyboard), as well as sound, image, and various files.This software allows you to organize a joint connection of remote users running on the local PC software.
emergence of new compression algorithms available for transmission via the Internet, significantly increased the quality of the sound.Now it was closer to the quality of the PSTN.As a result, there was a leap in the development for a new ICT tools - Internet telephony.With the help of special software and peripheral devices across the network, you can organize audio and video conferencing.
Information and communication technology and its capabilities
for efficient search in telecommunication networks use automated search programs whose purpose is to collect data on the different resources of the World Wide Web and the provision of services to the user quick access to them.Thanks to search engines, you can find documents, media files, address information about people and organizations, software.The use of ICT allows you to open access to the educational, methodical and scientific information, in addition to this, it becomes possible advice operational organization, as well as modeling and scientific research activities.And, of course, conducting virtual classes (lectures, seminars) in real time.
visual images
Today, information and communication technologies provide for teaching several classes of the material, significant in terms of distance and open education.One of them are TV and video.Video files and relevant ICT tools enable more students to get acquainted with the content of the lectures of the best teachers.Videos can be used in specially equipped classrooms and at home.An interesting fact is that the European and American training courses main material is presented on video and in print.
ICT
Television Television is the most common ICT in the classroom, it plays an important role not only in the modern educational process, but also in people's lives, because almost every household has a TV.It has long been used by educational TV programs throughout the world and are very bright example of the method of remote training.Through this means the opportunity of ICT lectures broadcast to a wide audience in order to increase its overall development without further control of the assimilation of knowledge.
Electronic educational editions
very powerful technology that allows you to transfer and store the entire volume of the studied information is electronic educational editions.They are distributed as computer networks, and recorded on the optical media.Individual work with such material provides a deep understanding and assimilation of data.This technology (with appropriate revision) use existing courses in individual learning and self-test the knowledge gained.Electronic educational editions unlike traditional printed material allow to submit the information in a dynamic graphical form.
Classification of ICT resources on areas of methodological purpose
ICT tools are:
1. Training.They report knowledge or practical skills form of training activities, providing the required level of mastery of the material.
2. Simulators.Designed for practicing different skills, consolidate or repetition of the lesson.
3. Help and information retrieval.Communicate information on ordering information.
4. Demonstration.Visualize the phenomena, processes, objects for the purpose of study and research.
5. Simulation.They represent a certain aspect of reality that allows him to study the functional and structural characteristics.
6. Laboratory.Allow to conduct experiments on existing equipment.
7. Modeling.Give the opportunity to be a model of the object, phenomenon for study and research.
8. Settlement.Automate calculations and a variety of chores.
9. Training game.Designed to create learning situations in which the activities of the trainees realized in the form of a game.
Didactic problems that are solved with the help of ICT
1. Improvement of the organization and increasing individualization of learning.
2. Increasing the productivity of self-preparation of students.
3. Customization work of the teacher.
4. Accelerating replication and gains access to the pedagogical practice.
5. Increased motivation to learn.
6. Activation of the learning process, the ability to attract the student to research activities.
7. Flexibility training.
negative impact of ICT resources for learning
Information and communication technology, implemented in all forms of education, leads to a number of negative effects of nature, including the note number of negative psychological and educational factors influencing the health and physiological state of the student.As mentioned earlier in this article, ITC leads to the individualization of the learning process.However, therein lies a serious drawback associated with the total individualization.This program involves clotting already scarce in the learning process of living dialogic communication of participants: students and teachers, students together.She invites them, in fact, substitute for dialogue - a dialogue with the computer.Indeed, even an active voice in terms of student long pauses when working with ICT facilities.This is especially true for students of distance education and open forms.
What is so dangerous?
As a result of this form of learning throughout the class student busy that silently consume the material.This leads to the fact that part of the brain responsible for the objectification of human thinking, it turns off, in effect, immobilized during many years of study.It should be understood that the student and do not have the necessary practice of forming, formulating thoughts and dialogic communication in professional language.As shown by psychological research, developed without communication will not be generated at the appropriate level and communicate student monologue with himself, exactly what are called independent thinking.You agree that it is to ask yourself whether is the surest indicator of the presence of independent thinking.As a result, if you go along the path of individualization of learning, it is possible to overlook the possibility of formation of the creative process in a person, the origin of which is built on dialogue.
In conclusion
Summarizing, we can note one significant drawback of ICT, which is derived from the main advantages - accessibility published in a network of information resources.This often leads to the fact that the student is following the path of least resistance, and borrows on the Internet ready essays, problem solving, projects, reports and so on. D. Today, this is already a familiar fact confirms the low efficiency of this form of learning.Of course, the prospects of development of information and communications technologies are high, but to implement them need to think about without manic totalization.
