We live in a veritable ocean of energy, it is all around us.Even stationary stone lying on the road, could potentially do the work.Sometimes it's hard to believe, but the energy is one.It only transformed, changing its nature.This property is used by the person electric cars.
If the input electrical energy is supplied, and the output is transformed into mechanical work in the form of rotation, it is possible to say with confidence that we are talking about the engine.In turn, the conversion of mechanical work to electricity imposed on the generator.An important feature is the fact that the same electrical machine characterized by the possibility of functioning as a user (engines) and manufacturer (generator) power.This is due to the same device.However, due to design features of the operation in the "non-native" mode has a lower efficiency.
Direct current machines are divided into two classes: the inductor and collector.The most widely used second (a sign of the presence of the brush mechanism).The principle of operation is as follows: in the fixed part of the machine (stator) is located a permanent magnet, causing the line of the field intensity.
armature winding can be composed of a plurality of frames of copper wire, connected in such a way that the beginning and the end of the output to the opposite lamella collector.From the outside to the terminals via carbon brushes supplied constant voltage.And if there is a loop, then an electric current.The moving charge carriers generated around it a magnetic field of its own nature, which begins to interact with the stator field.As a result, a force that forces the armature to rotate.We describe only the main points, but they are enough to understand how electric DC machine.It is worth noting a universal collector motor having a structure inherent in DC machines, he is able to work from home 220 V. This is possible due to the consistent method of connecting the armature and field coils.The household electric hand tools used by them.
Electrical Machines AC structurally simpler and more reliable, and lower cost of production.Divided into synchronous speed at which the mechanical, which turns the rotor coincides with the frequency of rotation of the stator field and asynchronous versions in which the rotor field lags (slips).The first in the more efficient use of power greater than 100 kW.
simple electrical machines AC three-phase asynchronous presented squirrel cage (cell proteins).The stator has shifted from each other by 120 ° the three windings.It is to them an alternating current is applied the respective phases.The rotor has a winding shorted, thereby forming a path for the passage of the induced current.It is necessary to apply voltage to the coil of the stator pole-like around the magnetic field is generated - is one of the basic properties of the directional movement of electrons.And as the current variable, then the field is obtained by rotating.His line of tension cross the rotor windings and create an induced current (apply the law of electromagnetic induction).And since a movement of particles with a charge, then round them, in turn, a magnetic field appears.It also rotates (direction can be found by using the rule of thumb).As a result, inside the machine body, there are two magnetic field.Then everything is simple: thanks to the law of Ampere, a force tending to move the coil, as well as the rotor shaft mounted on bearings, the force creates a torque.To make the work can only be connected to the actuator shaft.
