How nice after working week to spend a weekend somewhere outside the city by the lake, away from the bustle of the city.For many, this pastime - an integral part of the holiday.But do people really like lakes are formed, they can be helpful, but what sometimes hurt?
What are lakes?
Lake - is a closed depression in the ground where the drain groundwater and surface water that do not evaporate.Such a recess called lake basin.On the origin of all the lakes are divided into tectonic, river (old women), coastal, failing, underground.
As salinity distinguish fresh (Baikal), brackish (Vats) and salt lakes (Chad).All the reservoirs may be waste when the lake follows one or more of the rivers;flow - several rivers flow into the lake, and one or more - flows;undrained - the rivers flow into the lake only.
filling of reservoirs is due to precipitation (rain, snow) or via groundwater.Also, the power of the lake can be mixed.
mineral composition lakes are carbonate, sulfate and chloride.
As lakes form?
Most of the lakes of our planet - tectonic origin, that is, they were formed in large depressions in the earth's crust or rifts (tectonic cracks).The bottom of the lake has a rough outline and is below sea level.Its banks are covered with hard rock, poorly amenable to erosion.All of the deepest lakes formed as a result of crustal faults.
Many reservoirs also obtained as a result of geological processes (weathering, erosion, glacial activity).Among them, the most common - glacial lakes on the plains and in the mountains, as well as a failure, which were formed as a result of thawing terrestrial rocks.Such reservoirs are circular in shape.They are small in size and depth.
after the earthquake and landslide dammed lakes are formed that can partition off the river valleys.There are lakes and river valleys.This so-called oxbow lakes.About how oxbow lakes are formed, can be judged by the long-term functionality of the river.If the climate is dry - derived alluvial channels lakes, which form chains stretch for hundreds of kilometers.But when wandering channels of the delta formed lakes.
Lake Baikal Lake Baikal - the deepest lake on the planet.Its maximum depth is 1642 km, and the altitude reaches 460 m.
Education Lake Baikal was the result of large fractures in the Earth's crust.Baikal is geographically located in Russia, on the border of the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk region.The area of the reservoir is 31722 km.In Baikal falls more than three hundred rivers and streams, including the Selenga, Turka, Snow, Surma.A river flows out of Ankara.Thus, Baikal - drainage lakes.
Baikal water fresh and transparent.The stones are visible even at a depth of 40 meters!The amount of minerals in the small lake, so water can be used as distilled.
Climate Baikal - cool.Winter is mild and summer - cool.It lives in Lake more than 2,600 representatives of different plants and animals, most of which is characteristic only of the lake.
scientists determine the age of the lake in 25-35 million years.The name's origin is not precisely determined.But in Turkic - Baikal (Bai-Kul) - is rich lake that is an indisputable fact.
Origin marshes
Swamp - part of the land, characterized by high humidity and acidity.In such places standing or ground water table rise to the surface, but "do not stay" for a long time.All swamps occur in two ways:
- waterlogging.
- Overgrowing lake.
By type of swamp vegetation are divided into forest, shrub, grass and moss.Relief bogs may be flat, convex or bumpy.Some wetlands characterized by the formation of peat (dead, but not before the end of decomposed plants).Peat is used as the combustible material, and in medicine (mud) and industry.
If we talk about how to form lakes and swamps, the second - a process of evolution first.Delaying silt gradually leads to pollution and shallowing of the lake, thereby producing fens with abundant water supply.
Value marshes
Marshes - a valuable natural heritage.It is a natural complex, which is home to rare species of flora and fauna.
more likely bog common in the tundra, taiga and tundra - in areas with excessive moisture, where rainfall exceeds evaporation.All
marshes are divided into lowland, upland and transitional.Lowland fed by groundwater, riding - precipitation.Transitional swamp - the middle stage between the two previous types.
flora of the marshes is very valuable to humanity.Lingonberries, cranberries, cloudberries, juniper - berries, which are widely used in medicine.Many plants from the wetlands are used in perfumery and industry.
Marsh - an important source of supply of the rivers.Most reservoirs originates because of the marshes.Marsh - is second only to the forest "lungs" of the planet.They recycle carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
Secrets lakes
On Earth, one can count more than a hundred lakes of the mysteries which legends to this day.
For example, Lake of Death, which is located in Italy, only one name strikes fear.Around him there is no vegetation, and in its water - fowl.Swim in the lake is prohibited, and hardly anyone wants, because in it - a high concentration of sulfuric acid.
considered abnormal empty lake in Alatau.Its water is clean and potable, but no animals do not take root in this lake.It is all empty.
Guards and Kazakhstan lake called The Dead.In it constantly drowning people.This body does not float, but if stuck at the bottom of the lake in a vertical position upside down.
Many legends goes not only about the lakes, but also about their inhabitants.Everyone knows Loch Ness, where, according to witnesses, lives a monster resembling a dragon.Not once was seen strange big fish with a long neck and small head.Recent information dated 2007.Truth or profit - finally proved.
How formed lakes, for anybody not a secret, but those strange things that fill their depth, are still a mystery, even to scientists ...
few words about the lakes of Russia
In Russia, more than two millionlakes, each of which keeps a secret.Since ancient times, water is fascinated by people in their properties as a medicinal and deadly.Therefore it is not surprising that the majority of all legends is connected with lakes.
simultaneously fascinates and frightens his mystique lake Svetloyar.Its water can be stored for several years, at the same time it does not lose its properties.The surroundings of the lake is extremely clean.Above the water often appear strange mirages, sometimes - UFO.From the bottom of the pond often hear strange noises like the sound of bells.They say that at the bottom of the lake Svetloyarsky buried the old city of Kitezh, which went under the water during the onset of the hordes of Batu Khan.
There are several lakes in Russia, which is rumored to be living likeness of the Loch Ness Monster.Strange stories go on the dragon lizard that lives in the lake Brosno.On the surface it was observed air bubbles that locals take for breathing monster under water.However, the fact there is a logical explanation - rotting materials on the lake bed, which come to the surface.Mysteries are also covered lake Ivachevskoe, Verdlozero lake Shaitan, Vats.
only logical explanation for all the anomalies occurring in the waters - is the way lakes are formed.Perhaps the reason for all - the flora and fauna are not fully understood by mankind.
Conclusion
Lake - an important part of the Earth.Half of all the plants and animals that are useful to humans, are the inhabitants of rivers and lakes.Why are formed lakes, can be judged by internal and external processes of our earth.Tectonic and geological changes - this is the main reason for the formation of reservoirs.
