Returning to school
Before answering the question, what is the electrostatic induction, it is necessary to define what is meant by the term "conductor".While still in school physics lessons are devoted to this whole theme, the man is not directly faced with the repair and maintenance of electrical engineering, after some time, often losing the unused knowledge.This is quite natural, therefore, we recall the main points, without understanding that it is impossible to explain what is the electrostatic induction.
movement of charged particles in the conductive materials
imagine that the open circuit consisting of an ammeter, a resistor and a source of electromotive force (EMF) includes a dry wooden block.Arrow meter will remain on the figure "zero".But if the tree is replaced by metal, the ammeter will show a steady value of current flowing through the chain.Therefore, depending on the resistance to current flow, all substances can be divided into three large groups - conductors, dielectrics and semiconductors.The best-known representatives of the first group are solid metal.
conductor lines and field strength
If uncharged metal sample placed in an electric field, it will arise the ordered and directed movement of free charge carriers, better known as current.Vector lines of field strength and direction of the current opposite.In metals, the conductivity is due to the movement of electrons.Since the sample is not part of a closed circuit in it by the field will be a redistribution of free charge carriers on the one hand to gather the electrons, forming a negative potential, and the other formed by the lack of them, that is a positive sign.This phenomenon is caused by the action of an external electric field and is called "induction."Also, it can be said that the electrostatic induction - a phenomenon redistribution of charge carriers induced by an electric field.It should be noted that exerts influence on the conductor and the magnetic field.Thus, the magnetic flux penetrating the conductive material, it creates an induced current.Also as a result of the summation of inducing magnetization of the material from the external field and the internal field emerged.The term "complete induction" just refer to that amount.
interaction fields
Around each concentration of the charges (+ and -) from the edges of the conductive material there own field.It interacts with the outside, and directed him to the counter.The redistribution of charge causes a decrease in the field, this is so far as its strength to the conductor is zero.Also, concentration of charges distorts the external field lines such that they are perpendicular to the material.Previously, we specifically stated that we are talking about an uncharged conductor.Electrostatic induction is characterized by the fact that, although who has fallen into the electric field distribution of the conductor takes charge, he remains uncharged.
Features
Since the charges tend to take the most extreme position, they are located on the surface of the sample.Even in the presence of an internal void space in the end field inside tends to zero.It allows you to organize the effective protection of sensitive equipment from the effects of external electromagnetic fields."Protect" the subject is positioned within the scope of wiring (suitable metal mesh) induced charges accumulate on the surface, forming its own field, which is within the sphere of influence of the external balances.
