Lake Baikal enjoys great popularity not only within our country but also in foreign countries.Thanks to the fruitful work of experts and scholars Baikal was declared a World Natural Heritage Site.Those who are interested in this natural object, there is a lot of questions, for example, about what the origin of the Baikal Lake, which its depth, some inmates may be there to see and so. D.
Lake Baikal: the general characteristics of
total area of Baikalarea of about 386,000 square kilometers, all of this is far superior to all other area of national parks and reserves of the country, as well as other foreign countries.Geographically Baikal natural territory is located in the center of Asia.The length of the famous lake is 636 km and the width - 79.5 kilometers (with the smallest portion of 25 kilometers).Lake Baikal, is considered to be the deepest in the world, because its depth is 1637 meters.Formation reservoir allegedly began over 30 million years ago, so this beauty is one of the oldest lakes in the world.Baikal is located among the broken off parts of the earth's crust, formed the basin.It is expanding every year by 2 cm.
Feature
mountain lake Baikal in nature refers to the mountain lakes.Its level rises above the level of the world's oceans by 445 meters, and the bottom is lower than his 1200 meters.According to most historians and geographers, precipitation lake area kept a information about the features of climate change in Asia over the last tens of millions of years.
this Asian lake holds more than twenty percent of the fresh water around the globe, which fully comply with all the criteria of quality - microbiological, organoleptic, hydrochemical.The water of Lake Baikal differs extraordinary clarity, transparency, freshness.To prove the purity of the lake used diagnostic Secchi disk, which is immersed in water up to the level of increased transparency.In Lake Baikal, this level corresponds to 40 meters, and, for example, in Lake Sevan disk is immersed only 20 meters.Amazing fact: Alpine Lake Baikal is also inferior in the transparency of water.
Baikal - waste or closed lake?Features waters of Lake
Dimensions hollow or cavity, where are the lake water is so great that it can accommodate all the content of the Baltic Sea or the five Great Lakes of America.Lake Baikal in its waters takes 336 streams and small rivers.The largest tributaries - it Upper Angara, Turk, Snowball, Sarma.However, because lake water flows only one river - Angara, which is why many scientists are of the opinion that the Lake Baikal - waste.Due to the only river flowing out of the lake, it has a relationship with the oceans.
There are three types of lakes - waste, undrained, running.Sewage lake - those from which rivers flow, in the flow of water circulating lakes - flowing in and out, and in the drainage water is no traffic.As the river flows out of Lake Baikal Angara, and it comes a huge number of small rivers, the question of Baikal a drain or closed lake, there is always a subject of debate.One of the main evidence in the dispute is the availability of fresh water, which is characteristic only for the flow of sewage and lakes.Lakes formed undrained type often dry climate, where the amount of precipitation is minimal.Also refer to this type of drying the sea, such as the Caspian.
main features of Lake Baikal
Based on the above, we can distinguish such features lake:
- contains 20 percent of fresh water from all the world's supply.
- This follows a major river - the Angara.
Thus, the perennial debate about Baikal a drain or closed lake, can be completed.And I say with confidence that it is classified as waste.
Endemic features of Lake Baikal
Another distinguishing feature - a diversity of plants and animals living in the water column of Lake Baikal.At the moment, the scientists recorded more than 2565 species of animals and more than a thousand species of plants of water.
Some of these plants, about two-thirds are endemic to the region, so they do not grow anywhere else.According to research by the rich heritage of the Lake Baikal is unique even among the Great Lakes of the World.With each new year for Lake Baikal (waste or closed lake, we discussed above) describes the new 20 species of invertebrates.Experts have come to believe that there will be at least 1500 new species of aquatic organisms of the lake.
At the top of the trophic pyramid lake is the Baikal seal, or seal, whose ancestor was allegedly arctic seal, move many centuries ago along the Yenisei and Lena.
