In the history of the Social-Democratic movement in Russia has played a very important role "Zubatovism."What it is?How did she come from?How long it existed?These are the three main issues that influenced the further development of revolutionary sentiment in the then monarchical state.
The concept of "Zubatovism" briefly defined as the action of the Tsarist regime in relation to the labor question that has arisen in Russia in the early XX century.It was aimed at to divert huge masses of people from the political struggle against the monarchical power and convert this traffic in the imposition of only economic demands to the government.Whence came "Zubatovism" what it is and what are its causes?This you can learn from this article.
definition
First, you need to understand the concept.So "Zubatovism" - a kind of struggle with the tsarist government in the years 1901-1903.Its initiator began, oddly enough, the chief of the secret police of the city of Moscow, SV Zubatov with the support of the authorities.
In addition, "Zubatovism" - a provocative attempt by the government of tsarist Russia to distract people from the revolutionary struggle against the autocratic policies.People have tried to involve in artificial monarchist workers' organizations.
also "Zubatovism" - is a special form of struggle with which the Russian Empire tried to suppress the growing influence of social democrats on the working class.
Detection
In the early twentieth century, the head of the security department of the city of Moscow was a Zubatov Sergey.It is thanks to him have been disclosed and destroyed many of the existing at the time of the revolutionary organizations.In 1896, employees of the secret police found one of the first companies of the Social-democratic parties, called "Moscow Workers' Union, which was created by combining several political circles.
As a result of interrogation of the arrested conspirators Zubatov first encountered one unusual.The fact that all arrested could be divided into two groups.One consisted of intellectuals, revolutionaries, and in another - simple workers.All they see happening around them in different ways.Thus, the intellectuals were aware of that they were brought to justice.But the workers could not figure out what exactly they are accused.They saw no political motive in his actions.
Home Social Democratic movement
understand all Zubatov helped special literature.We can say that at this moment he first discovered the existence of the Social-democratic trend.He found that, starting from the 1890s, many organizations began to adopt the principles of the German conspirators.
German Social Democrats managed to unite into one political components of the revolution with the economic needs of the workers.Their doctrine was that that achieve their demands, they will only through a social revolution.They were skillful propaganda in the working environment.The purpose of the Social Democrats was to recruit from among the urban proletariat as many people who later would become a powerful revolutionary army.
idea Zubatov
studied special literature and realizing the danger posed by a harbor principles of social democracy, the head of the secret police understood the main thing: some repressive measures will not achieve anything.Zubatov was sure to weaken the movement will only be in the case, if you remove its main component - the working class.And to achieve this it was necessary that the current government itself went over to the people and supported their struggle for economic interests.
Therefore, in April 1898 by the Zubatovs was compiled and then presented Chief of Police DF Trepov some note.It was pretty detail a program of measures to improve the situation of workers.
Then a note came in a report on the desk of Governor-General of Moscow, which is the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.Zubatov idea he liked, and he gave permission to conduct outreach sessions for workers.
The idea
While conducted interrogations of detainees, Zubatov tried to prove that the government itself is not their enemy, even if the monarchy is possible to achieve the satisfaction of all their economic demands.But you need to understand the difference between the revolutionary and workers' movement.In the first case there are ideological interests, the second purpose is money.
Zubatov Such clarification were unsuccessful.Convinced by his words, people began to campaign in their environment, and after some time came the first application for the creation of a society of workers.
Basics
Thus, the Russian Empire began to struggle with the Social-Democratic organizations in its territory by that later became known as "Zubatovism."Briefly it can be summarized in a few paragraphs.
● Replacing revolutionary on evolutionary theory.If the first involves an armed overthrow of the government, the second does not tolerate violence in any of its forms or species.
● Promotion of all the advantages of autocracy concerning social relationships.The main criterion put forward is that the monarchy itself is inclined to justice, it alien to all violent actions.
● firm conviction that the initiative completely ends where the right to enter into force power, t. E. The transition of this line is unacceptable arbitrariness.All changes in the country should come from the government and only through him.
● Explanation There is a difference between the revolutionary and trade union movement.The first deals with the violent reform of all classes, and the second - only for his best interests.
development movement
spring 1901 with the permission of the Chief of Police of Moscow Trepova group of activists created the "Society of mutual mechanical production workers."Zubatov provided them with a special booklet.They talked about the professional labor movement.
In addition, in the same year in Moscow began to hold lectures for people who enjoyed great popularity.All meetings were held under the supervision of Zubatov agents who were aware of all the events taking place in the city.
At this time, a special Council of workers who receive applications from people and protect their interests in case of any attempt to harassment by the manufacturers.Thus, chatter with Zubatovs supported the Council.Moreover, they also produce pressure on the manufacturers.The result of their work was organized on a silk manufactory strike, which lasted for a whole month.
Such runaway success of the Company, which defends the interests of workers, began to acquire a truly legendary character.Then Zubatov movement made it virtually impossible existence of any Social-Democratic propaganda in Moscow.
liquidation
first activity of the Company has been very successful, many of the workers attended these meetings.But by 1902, the Social Democrats realized the danger posed by Zubatov movement.They spread the rumor that the company - it's just a police trap, created with the sole purpose - to identify persons who are dissatisfied with the monarchy.Workers who worked with Zubatovs, received the status of enemies, "Zubatovism" - the definition of "provocation".
Propaganda Social Democrats proved to be very effective, and the new company has been discredited.Now the professor refused to lecture at meetings, as they were warned that if they consent to be pilloried.
the spring of 1903 began mass strike in the south, accompanied by political demonstrations.Influence of the Social Democrats was rapidly strengthened.In the summer of that year, a wave of demonstrations and came to Odessa.The unrest took part and "Zubatovites."
Amid ever-increasing strikes and discontent manufacturers intervention by the authorities in their relations with the workers, the government decided to abandon its policy.As a result, the summer of 1903 all Zubatov organization ceased to exist.Itself the initiator of this movement was suspended from work and was soon sent into exile.
So what "Zubatovism" in history?It is the policy of so-called police socialism.Its main aim was to undermine the workers' political movement, creating legal organizations fighting only for the achievement of economic preferences.And besides, "Zubatovism" - this is just for show to protect people under tight control and police authorities.
