For over 900 years, the Russians get their information about the history of the famous "Tale of Bygone Years", the exact date of writing which is still unknown.A lot of controversy is the question of the authorship of this work.
few words about myths and facts about historical
scientific postulate over time is often subject to change, but if in the field of physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy or similar scientific revolution based on the identification of new facts, the story is not just rewritten to pleaseauthorities or in accordance with the dominant ideology.Fortunately, modern man has a lot of opportunities on their own to find and compare the facts concerning the events that occurred many centuries and even millennia ago, as well as get acquainted with the point of view of scientists who do not follow traditional beliefs.All of the above applies to such important for the understanding of the history of Russian document as "Tale of Bygone Years", the year of creation and the authorship of which has recently been challenged by some members of the scientific community.
"Tale of Bygone Years": authorship
Because of the "Chronicle" of its creator can be found just that at the end of XI century, he lived in the Pechora Monastery.In particular, there is a record of the Polovtsian attack on the monastery in 1096, which itself was an eyewitness chronicler.Furthermore, the document mentions the death of the elder Jan, who helped write the historical work and indicated that the death of the monk occurred in 1106, which means that at that time the person who made the recording, was alive.
Russian official science, including Soviet, from the time of Peter the Great believed that the author of the novel "The Tale of Bygone Years" - the chronicler Nestor.The oldest historical document that refers to it, is the famous Ipatiev chronicle, written in the 20s of the XV century.This work includes a separate chapter text "Tale of Bygone Years," which precedes the references as the author of a monk from the Monastery of the Caves.Nestor same name was first mentioned in the correspondence from the Crypt monks Polycarp Archimandrite Akindinov.This fact confirms the "Life of St. Anthony", drawn up on the basis of oral traditions of the monastery.
Nestor the Chronicler
"official" by the novel "The Tale of Bygone Years" was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church, so you can read about it in the lives of the saints.From these sources we learn that the Rev. Nestor was born in Kiev in 1050-ies.At the age of seventeen he entered the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, where he was a novice of St. Theodosius.At a fairly young age, Nestor took monastic vows, and later took a deacon ordination.Throughout his life he spent in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra: here he wrote not only the "Tale of Bygone Years", the year of creation is for certain not known, but the lives of saints and famous princes Boris and Gleb, and work about the first ascetics of the monastery.The church sources also indicated that a great age Nestor died about 1114.
What tells the "Tale of Bygone Years"
"Tale of Bygone Years" - the history of our country, covering a huge time span, an incredibly rich variety of events.The manuscript begins with the story of Noah's sons, one of whom - Japheth -dostalis in the management of such lands, Armenia, Britain, Scythia, Dalmatia, Ionia, Illyria, Macedonia, Media, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Thessaly and others.The brothers started the construction of pillars of Babylon, but the LORD was angry not only destroyed this building, embodying the human pride, but also divided the people "70 and 2 people", among whom were Noriko - ancestors of the Slavs descended from the sons of Japheth.Further mention of the Apostle Andrew, who predicted that on the banks of the Dnieper will be the great city, which is what happened when Prince Kyi with his brothers Schek and Horiv founded Kiev.Another important reference concerns the year 862, when the "Chud, Slovenes, and all krivichi" Varangians went to call them to reign, and came upon the call of the three brothers Rurik, Truvor and Sineus with families and approximate.Two of the newcomers boyars - Askold and Dir - take time off from Novgorod to Constantinople and saw the road Kiev, were there.Further, "The Tale of Bygone Years", the year of creation of which historians have yet to clarify, talks about the direction of Oleg and Igor, and recounts the story of the baptism of Rus.The story ends with the events of 1117.
"Tale of Bygone Years": the history of this work
Nestorovskaya chronicle became known after Peter the Great in 1715 instructed to make a copy of Radzivilovsky list stored in the library of Konigsberg.Save a document proving that the attention of the king on this manuscript drew James Bruce - personality, remarkable in every way.He also gave a list of arranged Radzivilovsky into modern language Vasily Tatishchev, who was going to write the history of Russia.In addition, the study of the novel engaged in such prominent scientists as A. Shleptser, PM builds and Shakhmatov.
chronicler Nestor."Tale of Bygone Years": A review A.Shahmatova
new look at "The Tale of Bygone Years" was proposed in the early twentieth century.Its author was a famous scientist Shakhmatov who suggested and substantiated "new history" of the work.In particular, he cited the arguments in favor of that in 1039 in Kiev on the basis of the Byzantine chronicles and local folklore was created by a set of Kiev, which can be considered the oldest document of its kind in Russia.Around the same time in Novgorod Novgorod Chronicle it was written.It is on the basis of these two papers in 1073 created the first Nestor first Crypt set, then the second and finally the "Tale of Bygone Years".
"Tale of Bygone Years" written by Russian monk or a Scottish prince?
The last two decades have been rich in all sorts of historical sensation.However, in fairness it must be said that some of them have not found scientific evidence.For example, today there is a perception that the "Tale of Bygone Years", the year of creation is known only approximately, in fact, not written in the period between 1110 and 1118 years, and six centuries later.In any case, even the official historians acknowledge that Radzivilovsky list t. E. A copy of the manuscript, which is credited with authorship of Nestor, was made in the XV century and at the same time decorated with numerous miniatures.Moreover, Tatishchev wrote "History of Russia" is not even with him, and to paraphrase this work on the contemporary language, the author of which, perhaps, he was James Bruce - great-grandson of King Robert the First of Scotland.But this theory is not devoid of any serious justification.
What is the main essence of the labor Nestorovskogo
specialists who hold an informal look at the works attributed to Nestor the Chronicler, believe that it was necessary to justify autocracy as the only form of government in Russia.Moreover, it is this manuscript put an end to the question of the refusal of the "old gods", pointing to Christianity as the only true religion.In it, and was its main essence.
"Tale of Bygone Years" - this is the only work in which describes the canonical version of the Baptism of Russia, the rest simply refer to it.This alone should make him very closely to do the study.And it is "Tale of Bygone Years", the characteristics of which are accepted in the official historiography today is being questioned, is the first source tells us that the Russian princes descended from Rurik.For each historical work is very important creation date."Tale of Bygone Years" of vital importance for the Russian historiography, is not represented.More precisely, at the moment there is no conclusive evidence, even lets you specify a particular year it was written.This means that the front of the new discoveries that may be able to shed some light on the dark pages of our history.
