Projective techniques are intended to study the properties of the individual, and especially intelligence.Traits that set them apart from standardized methods of psychological research are as follows.
Firstly, we are talking about the features of the proposed respondent stimulus material.It is distinguished by malostrukturirovannost, uncertainty and ambiguity.Only in this way can "earn" and implement the principle of projection.When the respondent begins to interact with the stimulus material, it is its structuring.But in this process the person begins to project the features of their mental world: anxiety, conflict, needs, values and so on.Therefore, projective techniques are very easy to use.
Secondly, before the respondent poses a particular challenge, which is relatively unstructured.It allows a huge variety of answers.It turns out that the study, which is conducted by means of projective techniques is masked.Respondent could not guess that his responses would be subject to the interpretation of the experimenters.That is why the projective techniques in psychology minimally exposed to falsification than those surveys, which are based on the identity.
Third, projective techniques are different features in the processing and interpretation of the results.They are not standardized, since most of them lack a mathematical apparatus to obtain objective processing results.Projective techniques study of personality does not contain any rules.They are based on qualitative rather than quantitative approach.Therefore, so far not been developed optimal methods of checking whether they are valid and reliable.Therefore, to obtain the most accurate data, it is advisable to correlate the results with those that are available from the use of other, more reliable methods.
Projective techniques are classified on various grounds.The most comprehensive is the following:
- techniques complement when in the role of stimulus material stands a set of words of stimuli.Respondent also should call the words that will "come to mind" due to the word that has been heard.For example, the association test, created by KGJung technique "incomplete sentences".In addition, the increasing popularity have the techniques that need to be clearly the number of options.For example, the test is "Who am I?".
- techniques of interpretation, when the stimulus material acts as a set of pictures and photos.In this case, the respondent is required to make a story (CAT, TAT), based on the proposed pictures, or to answer the questions that are proposed to them in situations, or else you need to select the pleasant and unpleasant pictures-pictures.For example, detection of frustration Rosenzweig test, or test methodology Gilles Sondhi.
- structuring techniques, when analyzing associative relations arising after viewing the stimulus material that malostrukturirovan.For example, the interpretation of Rorschach shapes.
- technique of studying the expression of which is based on the handwriting analysis or features in verbal behavior.
- Analysis of the products of human creativity, when the subject of interpretation becomes a pattern created by the respondent on the basis of the job.For example, "two houses", "icon", "Self-Portrait" and so on.
Projective techniques usually - is an additional method in psychological research.
