National clothes - it's part of the culture of the people.It is formed depending on the climate, outlook and activity of people.Every nation must know its past and its traditions.In many countries, national costumes used during the holidays at home and in Russia very few people know how to dress our ancestors.When people talk about traditional clothing, the majority of people is a woman in an embroidered shirt, headdress and sundress.Yes, and most of them are familiar with only a photo.National costumes is actually a diversity.According to him it was possible to judge the social status of the owner, age, marital status and kind of activity.Russian folk costumes were different depending on the geographic location.For example, only in the north wore sundresses, and in the southern regions over a shirt worn poneva.
history of Russian national clothes
mainly studied Russian folk costumes from the 18th century.Many clothes preserved in museums, private collections and in the ordinary village houses.From the works of art can be found, too, looked like Russian folk costumes.Pictures from old books give an idea about the traditions and culture of the people.About the same as our ancestors dressed earlier, we learn of fragmentary information from the chronicles of archaeological excavations or fairy tales.Archaeologists bit by bit to restore not only the style and colors of clothes people from graves, but the composition of the fabric and even embroidery and jewelry.Scientists have found that up to the 18th century peasants and nobles were dressed the same, the differences were only in the richness of fabrics and finishes.Peter rebuked boyars wearing national costumes, and since that time it has remained only among the common people.In the villages, traditional Russian costume was distributed at the beginning of the 20th century, though dressed up in it only on holidays.
What clothes do in Russia?
long been in Russia for the production of costumes used natural fabrics: cotton, linen, hemp or linen cloth from sheep's wool.They paint them with natural dyes.In most regions of Russia was the most common red.In richer families sewed clothes from expensive imported fabrics, such as silk.Besides fabrics used fur, sheepskin and leather.For warm clothing also used wool yarn from sheep and goat wool.It was richly decorated Russian folk costume.Drawing on fabric and embroidery could do with gold or silver thread, dress trimmed with beads, precious stones or metal lace.
Features in Russian national clothes
1. The dress has been multilayered, especially in women.On the shirt worn Zapashny ponevu, above "apron" or apron, then the apron.
2. All clothing was cut free.For convenience and freedom of movement, it was supplemented with rectangular or oblique inserts.
3. All the costumes of the Russian people had a common mandatory element - belt.This garment was used not only for decoration or sticking to clothing.Ornaments on belts were a talisman.
4. All clothing, and even everyday work, was decorated with embroidery.It is for our ancestors carried the sacred significance and serve as protection from evil spirits.In embroidery you can learn a lot about a person: his social status, age and belonging to a particular race.
5. Russian folk costumes were made of bright fabrics and richly decorated with lace, beads, embroidery, sequins or patterned inserts.
6. A compulsory element of both male and female clothing was headdress.In some areas of married women he was multi-layered and weighed around 5 kilograms.
7. Everyone had a special ritual clothing that was more richly decorated and embroidered.She tried not to be washed and worn several times a year.
Features costume in different areas
Russia - a vast country, so in different regions people dress different, often dramatically.This well can be seen in the ethnographic museum or a photo.National costumes southern provinces older.Their formation was influenced by Ukrainian and Belarusian traditions.And, despite the similarities in the different areas they can vary the color of embroidery, shaped skirt features or headdress.
People female costume in the south of Russia consisted of a linen shirt, which was worn poneva - swing skirt.In some areas, instead of wearing a skirt-ponevy Andorak - wide, gathered at the waist or elastic braid.On top put on an apron and a high apron.Mandatory was a wide belt.Headgear consisted of high kicks and magpies.The clothes were richly decorated with embroidery and patterned inserts.The brightest colors were used in suits province of Ryazan, Voronezh and their masters embroidered shirt with black patterns.
Popular women's clothing other parts of Russia
Female Russian costume in the middle zone and the North consisted of shirts, sundresses and apron.For sewing clothes there often use expensive overseas fabrics, such as silk, satin or brocade.Shirts were richly decorated with colorful embroidery or patterned inserts.Sundresses can be sewn from the oblique wedges with a seam in the front or from one of the web.They were on large straps or oplech'e.They decorate them with lace, lace, hanging buttons.
Headgear women of these regions consisted of kokoshnik and scarf.They are often decorated with pearls or embroidered with beads.In the North, were also common dushegreyki short and long coats of fur.In different areas masters famous in some needlework.For example, in the Arkhangelsk region was known for luxurious embroidery and lace, Tver province famous for its gold embroidery art, and Simbirsk different outfits large, beautifully decorated kokoshnik.
Male Russian costume
He was less varied and almost no different from residents of different areas.The basis of it was a long, often knee-shirt.Its distinguishing feature is the slot on the left edge of the neck, sometimes located obliquely.These shirts are called "blouse".But in many southern provinces it was a direct cut-out.
Pants were often narrow, sewed them with gusset for ease of movement.They did not have pockets and fasteners held by a tape called "Gashnikov."Most often they were from a simple one-color linen fabric or fine wool pinstripe.In some areas, for example, among the Don Cossacks, were spread wide trousers red or blue.
compulsory element of the male costume was a wide belt, which in addition to oberezhnogo values had also practical use: it was tied to the different dates of trivia.In central Russia and in the north were still prevalent and vests worn over a shirt.At the head of the men wore a soft cloth cap, and at a later time - the cap.
People's shirt
This is the main item of clothing all the Russian people, regardless of gender, age or social status.The differences were mainly in the tissue from which it is sewn, and in the richness of ornaments.For example, children's shirt was made mostly of old clothes, and parents have a minimum of embroidery.In many areas, children under 12 are not wearing anything except her.All Russian folk costumes necessarily includes in its membership the garment.
Features folk shirt
1. cover it was a simple, free, and it consisted of straight parts.For convenience, armpits inserted gusset.
2. sleeves from his shirt were always long, often such that the closed fingers.Sometimes they were still too broad.In such cases, for their support to stock up special bracelets worn.
3. All shirts were long.In men, they often reached knee and were worn over trousers, and the women they could be the floor.
4. Often, women's shirt was made of two parts.The top was made of a more expensive fabric and richly decorated, and the bottom - Easy and cheap homespun matter.It was necessary to ensure that it can be otporot and wash or replace the other, as this part of the greater wear.
5. Shirt always richly decorated with embroidery.And do it not only for decoration, these patterns to protect people from evil spirits and the evil eye.Therefore, most often located embroidery at the hem, collar and cuffs.Closed ornament and breastplate of the shirt.
6. shirt man had a lot on all occasions.The most elegant - ritual - worn only a few times a year.
Dress
This is the most common women's clothing in the middle lane in the north of Russia.They were worn until the 18th century in all classes, and after Peter's reforms it remained only among the peasants.But in the village until the mid 20th century was the only sundress smart clothing.
believed that the garment in Russia were worn in the 14th century.First, he had the appearance sundress sleeveless dress, dress up over her head.Later, they became more diverse.And in some areas sundresses called prisborennuyu wide skirt worn under the breasts.They sewed not only homespun canvas, and brocade, satin or silk.Sheathe sundresses stripes colored cloth, lace and satin ribbon.Sometimes they are decorated with embroidered embroidery or applique.
Types sundresses
1. tunic deaf kosoklinny sundress.He shilsya one cloth fabric, folded in half.Neck cut along the crease, and laterally inserted several wedges.They were simple, not only in cut: sewed them from homespun - linen, wool or fine cloth.They were decorated at the hem, collar and armhole bright pieces of calico.
2. Swing kosoklinny sundress came later and has become more common.He Shilsya their 3-4 cloths fabric and decorated with patterned inserts, satin ribbons and embroidery.
3. In the last century, became popular straight swing sundress.He shilsya of several paintings straight easy matter.I had a view of the skirt, prisborennoe chest with two narrow straps.
4. A less common type is a kind of direct sundress, but are made of two parts: a skirt and bodice.
What else is worn by women in Russia?
In the southern regions of Russia instead sundress worn over a shirt ponevu.This skirt, made of three panels of wool fabric.Weaving cloth at home, alternating wool and hemp thread.This created a pattern on the fabric of the cells.Ponevy decorated with fringe, tassels, sequins, and the younger a woman is, the more brightly decorated her skirt.It was worn only by married women, and the figure in it seemed not so slender as to the sundress, as often times produced a shirt that hid waistline.
Over ponevy put on an apron, which was called "curtain" or "apron".It was made of linen fabric straight, bent in half along the fold with a slotted opening for the head.Apron beautiful decorations for decorating stripes patterned fabric or braid.
In the cold season wore quilted dushegreyki brocade or satin with cotton lining and often trimmed with fur.Also coats worn "ponitok" - warm clothes out of cloth.
embroidery folk clothes
The people were very strong belief in the power of nature, the gods and spirits.Therefore, to protect all the things decorated with embroidery.Of particular importance it had in the ceremonial attire.But a lot of embroidery and had a normal Russian folk costume.I figure it was located mostly along the hem, collar and cuffs.Embroidery also covers the seams of clothing, the sleeves and chest part.Most often used geometric shapes, solar symbols, signs of the earth, fertility, birds and animals.Most embroidery was in the women's clothing.And it is located in tiers: the hem of the characters land, seeds and plants, mostly black, and top dress adorned images of birds, animals, the sun and the stars, made with red thread.
Recently, more and more began to talk about the revival of family traditions and Russian culture.And many interest are the Russian folk costumes.Photos on the network increasingly imprint of modern people in national dress.
