most distant periods of history are poorly understood, there are only archaeological data, which may not cover the entire range of interactions and the development of the human race.But historical science can give satisfactory answers to questions about what the tribes as they appeared.
Formation races
first pockets of civilization arose in the south-east of the world (Egypt, India, China, Mesopotamia), and it is no coincidence.Here, a pleasant climate and favorable land, allowing to obtain a significant surplus product, and all of this, in turn, led to the complication of the relations and the formation of large union, the prototype States.
However, until such whole human race was a primitive stage.With the proliferation of the number of people intensified the differences that have been linked to the fact that people develop new areas of life.This inevitably affected the diversity of the human species.
Southerners acquired those racial characteristics, which we now can observe from Australoid and blacks.The masses of people, inhabited the sand and taiga space acquired its unique features.Today we can observe them from the Mongoloid race.And Caucasians, settled in Europe, also have their own characteristics.
Ethnic and linguistic characteristics
What are tribes?This is quite a logical question.It would seem that the answer is simple: a group of related communities of people or just a group of people, it all depends on how these groups are interrelated.But the formation of tribes is more complicated.
Initially, there were several major groups of ancient people, each representing a different linguistic and cultural elements, and even within these more or less common groups had a significant difference of linguistic and household characteristics.
The largest is the Indo-European language family, that it gave rise to many tribes, and those subsequently 0 nations of Europe and Asia.
Tribes of Africa come from three language groups: Niger-Kordofanian, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan, with the exception of only Arabs who belong to the Semite-Hamites.
Subsequently, carriers of these language families spread throughout Africa and only the north of the continent later became Arabic.
The largest tribal community
Indo-Europeans, as the name implies, occupied a vast territory of Eurasia.It is believed that the ancestral tribes of this group is the South-East and Central Europe.The economic life of the tribes of this community was represented by agriculture and cattle breeding, closer to the third millennium a great level of development reaches the metallurgy.
growing number of Indo-European tribes, leading to their resettlement, followed by a part of the west and south, the other moved to the east and north of the continent.Having taken all of Europe, the Indo-Europeans did not stop and headed further to the east, up to the Urals, to the south at the distribution point of this association becomes the territory of modern India.
During these global migration movements was to break up the unity of the group.This occurs in 4-3 millennia BC.It is from this environment are allocated ancient Slavic tribes, although at this stage they can be described as ancient Slavs.
formation of national units
Similar processes are going in the other community of people in the vast steppes of Asia formed the Altai and Turkic tribes.Having an idea of what the tribes and where they lived, it can be assumed, and their occupations.
With regard to the above-Altai Turkic tribes, it becomes clear that the basis of their economy was nomadic herding.Those groups who inhabited the fertile land, mainly engaged in farming.These include, and Slavic tribes.Their homeland is considered to be the average over the river Vistula, Elbe and Oder.From there, they spread across the southern, eastern and western Europe.There, they gave rise to three groups of Slavs: the eastern (Russian, Ukrainians and Belarusians), Western (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks) and southern (Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, and so on. D.)
However, it happened much later.According to archeology and other sources, in the first millennium BC.e.ancient Slavs first stood out from the general group of the Germans, and then - from the Baltics.
fight for a place under the sun
Understandably, such a massive migration of large groups of people could not live without conflict.Tribal Wars was a phenomenon not less frequent than resettlement and agriculture.The most successful in this business nomadic tribes.They were better able to hardship and combat operations because it depended on their existence.
Slavs in this respect experienced successive waves of whole nomads: first it was the Cimmerians and Scythians, they were replaced by the Sarmatians, and then - a huge mass of the Huns.It was not until as long as they have not created their own fighting squads.
However, the time from the VI century BC.e.and to the VIII century BC - is constantly war tribes of different origin for the most favorable living conditions.This period is also known that there is an active formation of tribal alliances.
Inter-tribal group
Since we touched on the Slavs, then they look at the example of the formation of powerful tribal groupings, the last step towards the establishment of statehood.The main source of work in the history of this period is the "Tale of Bygone Years".
According to the information given in this certificate, the Slavic tribes and their associations exist about 15. The small community was part of a larger tribe.Which of them was the most developed economically and politically?The Chronicle says it is clearing, who lived on the plains near the modern city of Kiev.
other tribal association, stood close by the level of development of the clearing were Ilmen Slovenia.The two tribal groups, consisting of closely related groups, and set the tone for further development of the Eastern Slavs.Identical processes took place in other nations.The strongest ethnic unity and development includes in its membership less powerful neighbors, forming a tribal alliance.
universal historical process
Indeed, it is the clearing and Ilmen Slovenes formed two competing political center - Kiev and Novgorod.These capital tribal alliances and then face off in a battle for supremacy in Russia.
If we turn to other historical examples, we can see the Burgundians and the Gascons in France in the struggle for supremacy in a single state.In general, this process is universal.
no exception tribes of Africa, there is intense rivalry led to the formation of large state formations, but a feature of these processes is their transience and has great variability, due to the influence of the early civilizations of Egypt and Middle Eastern empires.That's what the tribes and their influence on the further ethnic identity in brief.
