In response to recent events, perhaps there are no people who have not heard about the Crimea.Autonomy from Ukraine passed as a Republic of the Russian Federation.This fact is proclaimed in the constitutional law adopted by the State Duma in March 2014.On the way to gaining their own state population of Crimea passed almost 100 years, surviving the ups and downs.Take a short excursion into history with the aim to trace the steps of the state construction in the ancient Tavria.
in the Russian Empire
At the beginning of the last century, the Crimean peninsula was part of the Russian Empire, joined by another in 1783.Initially, the status of Crimea was defined as an area, and since 1802 - the province with a particularly distinguished the city of Sevastopol, directly imperial subjugation.From that time to the present day Sevastopol has always had a special position.Most of the population were Tatars, equivalent to the state peasants, but to get more compared to the last rights.By 1917, the composition of the population on the peninsula has changed, now account for the majority of Little Russians and Russian, and only 25% - Tatars.A quarter of the population - foreign colonists: Greeks, Germans, Armenians, Bulgarians.
Education first autonomy in Crimea
fire events in the civil war which was not only the authorities in the brand: the red, and the German interventionists and White Guards Wrangel, and green.After the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Russian state novosozdanom changed the legal status of Crimea.The political platform of the Social Democrats was based on the right of nations to self-determination, the ability to create their own public education.Since the peninsula historically lived the Crimean Tatars, the State has received the status and the Crimea.Autonomy was fairly broad rights within the RSFSR.In nominating for leadership positions preference Tatars.Constitution of 1936 confirmed this position.But according to the 1939 census the national composition of the Crimean autonomy yet determined the prevalence of the Russian population over the representatives of other nations and peoples (almost 50%), the Crimean Tatars were only about 20%.Approaching the mark of 14% of Ukrainians, Jews were only 5.8% of Germans - 4.5%.Before the war in the Crimea have begun to carry out the deportation of Greeks, Bulgarians, Germans, so their number has declined.
little about the terms
Speaking of the Crimean state, we need to understand what it means autonomy at all?In Greek, the term means independence, independence.Simply put, in the framework of a single state can exist areas with a certain freedom in a number of issues, its own constitution and laws, not contrary to the fundamental law of the state in general, the legislative and executive authorities.In the Soviet state, autonomous republics were established on a national basis.So, Crimea - autonomy, which appeared due to the Tatar population of the peninsula.In today's world, autonomy is seen as an administrative territorial unit, which is based can be put various signs.Many countries, even those who declared themselves unitary, have autonomous regions and republics in its composition.
Attempts to create a Jewish autonomy
Jewish autonomy in Crimea - a rather rosy dream of devotees of the Jewish people than the reality.The first attempts to bring to life the idea of creating a Jewish state belong to the 20th year.In the northern parts of the peninsula there were sparsely populated land where the Jews began to move in order to create a network of municipalities that have formed the basis of a national republic.Attempts to carry out the project ran into a number of problems.First, it was quite beneficial to the local Tatar population, which itself is badly in need of land.Interests at the time of the titular nation actively defended Veli Ibraimov, chairman of the Crimean Central Executive Committee.And although the Jewish activists initiative could eliminate its hands of the OGPU, another problem was much more difficult to handle.She lay in the very essence of Jewish nationality.Oh, very few are able and willing to engage in agricultural activities.Most of the immigrants settled in the cities (40 000 people) and about 10,000 still live in the land experienced great difficulties with food on uninhabited areas.Clashed with the local Tatar population, which has increased discontent in connection with the policy of dispossession.Maps of the Crimea at the time shows the two large area of Jewish settlers: Larindorfsky and Fraydorfsky.But by 1938 the resettlement of Jews in the Crimea stopped.About time to forget, especially in the Far East was established with the capital of the republic of Birobidzhan.
first liquidation of the Crimean autonomy
After the liberation of the Crimea in 1944, leaders of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee again raised the issue of Jewish autonomy.But the position of the Soviet leadership at this time was more concise and clear.She denied the possibility of creating a Jewish state.Moreover, after the war was carried out mass deportation of Tatars and other peoples of the peninsula, it is essentially "closed".Also changed the status of Crimea.June 25, 1946 changes were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which touched the territorial-administrative structure of the state.They recorded the transfer of the Crimean autonomy status of the region.Two years later, a special position, in fact equated the situation of the Crimean region Sevastopol received.
Crimea as a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
reasons for the transfer of Crimea in the Ukraine are not well understood until now.Some accuse the voluntarism of Nikita Khrushchev, who just made the ill-conceived act on emotions.In addition, there are other his actions that confirm the obvious reasons for this.Others say that this move is quite rational and pragmatic.Firstly, in terms of the common boundary.Secondly, because of the economic problems of the supply of electricity and water from the territory of Ukraine.Third, it is still a single state - the Soviet Union, the collapse of which no one foresaw and could not even imagine.Whatever it was, but the status of Crimea changed again in 1954.In addition, the decree on the transfer of Crimea did not covered the issue of Sevastopol, which has always had a special position as a naval base of Russia.
Again autonomy
In 1990, when the Soviet Union were growing national contradictions, poured into so-called "parade of sovereignties", Crimean Regional Council of Deputies once again started to discuss the status of Crimea.In accordance with the policy of transparency, recognition of mistakes of the Soviet government in connection with the deportation of people and the return of Crimean Tatars to their historical homeland, it was decided to accept the liquidation of the Crimean autonomy unconstitutional action.So, it was announced that the Crimea - autonomy within the Soviet Union and therefore a full subject of the Union State.To legitimize this decision on the peninsula referendum was held.The vast majority were in support of the decision of the Crimean Council of Education and the state independence within the Soviet Union.
Education autonomy within Ukraine
after the Soviet collapse the Crimean Peninsula Crimeans themselves suddenly appeared in Ukraine.The Constitution of Crimea, adopted in May 1992, it was written that the Republic of Crimea is a sovereign state within Ukraine.The next year was introduced as president of the Crimea.Yuri Meshkov won democratic elections and became the first president of the republic.But according to the laws of Ukraine, all these decisions were illegitimate, in 1995, Leonid Kuchma abolished the Constitution of Crimea in 1992.Only after a lot of coordination, in 1998, approved the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Autonomous Republic of Crimea).It was made the main task - to save the state status of Crimea.Russian language, along with the Crimean Tatar, has received an official status and was recognized as the lingua franca.Nevertheless, the right of autonomy of the Crimea were not fully disclosed and caused controversy both in Ukraine and in Crimea.The Constitution until 1998 was not consistent with the laws of Ukraine, and in the future disagreements.
debate over autonomy
For more than 20 years in Ukraine did not abate disputes over the Crimean autonomy of Ukraine.Many deputies of the Verkhovna Rada called Republic deprive its status, turning to the example of 1946.Suggestions were made to hold all-Ukrainian referendum on the issue.It was noted that its existence violates the integrity and unity of the state.Thus, the population of the Crimea will never feel safe, stable and secure.In addition, the pro-Russian tendencies in the area remained fairly strong, and continues to be based in Sevastopol, the Black Sea Russian fleet.
Exit from Ukraine
In connection with the political crisis in Ukraine and the strengthening of anti-Russian movement in the late 2013 - early 2014, the Crimean authorities have repeatedly called for the restoration of order in the country.But Kiev "maidan" led to the ouster of democratically elected President and the transfer of power right-wing radical political groups.In this regard, in the Crimea in late February, began active and decisive actions of pro-Russian forces, who considered it possible not to participate in Ukrainian events coming from the rebellious states.Despite protests from Europe, Russia supported the initiative of the Crimea and even sent troops to the peninsula to repel a possible confrontation from the Kiev authorities.Following the referendum, the sixteenth in March 2014 it became possible to appeal to the government of the Russian Federation with a request to the autonomy and the city of Sevastopol in the Federated Russian state.As soon as possible, all decisions were agreed between the branches of government.Map of Crimea repainted yellow and blue in the white, blue and red color of Russia's most Internet search engines.
Crimea and Sevastopol - the subjects of the Russian Federation
Thus, in March 2014 were annexed to Russia as a subject of Sevastopol and the Crimea.Autonomy, for which people fought for so long peninsula, ceased to exist, but there Republic of Crimea.Prior to January 1, 2015 declared a transitional period in which no losses to the public must go through the process of integration.The development of the Constitution and current legislation, in the meantime acts The 1998 Constitution of the ARC.The international community has not recognized the reunification of the Crimea with Russia (although it has serious historical, economic and social conditions), but it does not bother neither the Russian nor the Crimean government.Kiev also assesses what is happening as the Russian occupation of their territory.Ahead of the struggle for international recognition.
