What does the demilitarized zone?This concept is the special status of certain territories, which are not military.They are not conducted combat maneuvers, there are no military installations.Such status of the territory fixed by international agreements or other means, including domestic, acts.
story of
What is DMZ?This concept has a broad meaning.For the first time the term appeared in the literature of international law character after the end of the First World War.Later it began to be applied to areas that previously fell under this concept.
The term "demilitarization" was introduced in 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference.Then he created for easy designation of the regime, which was used in the Rhine area.It is on this territory, in accordance with international agreements, Germany had no right to place its troops or fortifications.
Meaning of
DMZ - this concept in Western literature has two different meanings.The first one is the withdrawal of troops, military organizations and institutions with a territory.The second value - exemption from military control and monitoring, as well as the establishment of civil authority.
to clarify the Grand Larousse encyclopedia, to include the demilitarization of security measure established by international treaties or agreements which provide for the prohibition of a certain area of any military activity.
adoption of legal acts
conclusion of contracts or agreements, the lack of troops in a particular area is made by the States concerned.At the same time a demilitarized zone - this is not always the area where completely prohibited in all sorts of military activities.Sometimes international treaties simply limit the number of military fortifications and troops.
L. Oppenheim also discloses the concept of the term "demilitarization".According to his explanations, this concept is an agreement between two or more States, which obliges the governments of these countries to maintain troops within a specified area and create defenses there.The main purpose of such contracts is usually the prevention of armed conflicts.
border zone demilitarization
In international practice, there are a number of agreements, the subject of which is the creation of special areas along the borders.Border demilitarized zone separates the armed forces of neighboring countries, avoiding collisions and prevent war.
example of such areas can serve as a neutral zone width of twenty-five kilometers, which was formed in 1905 between Norway and Sweden in the territory of both countries.
Other options are possible and other options.In some cases, DMZs were installed only on one side of the border.In this area eliminates the threat of attacks on neighboring countries.An example of this can serve as the Rhineland area.It was created in 1919. The reason for the withdrawal of troops from that territory was the Treaty of Versailles.Zone covers the territory of Germany, located on the left bank of the River Rhine and a strip fifty kilometers wide on the right bank.In this area it was forbidden to place German troops, build fortifications, and carry out maneuvers.
7.03.1936, Germany sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland, abandoning the unilateral execution of the Treaty of Versailles.General von Blomberg, to carry out this operation, Hitler awarded the rank of marshal.
complete demilitarization
The UN Charter, there is an article that prohibits not only the threat of force, but also its application.It is for its compliance, and conducted demilitarization of certain territories.Such a zone may cover the whole of the island, which are of great strategic importance.If international agreements are not violated, that in these areas the use of force or the threat of simply excluded.
After World War II, the term "demilitarization" somewhat expanded.He began to apply to the whole state.What does the demilitarized zone in this case?This term includes the complete destruction of the military-industrial complex of any country under certain international instruments.Thus, Yalta and Potsdam decisions the three great powers - the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain - declared the demilitarization of Germany.These documents provide for the elimination of military organizations and institutions of all troops and armaments, ammunition and specialized funds in German territory.
US in 1946 produced its own draft agreement concerning the demilitarization of Germany.This document was inconsistent with the basic provisions of the Potsdam Agreement.Although the Soviet proposal for the revision of the draft, the United States thwarted the negotiations and achieved that Germany was in a part of the aggressive North Atlantic bloc.At the same time America started to openly revival of German militarism.
Create
atom-free zones in the modern period demilitarization has acquired a special significance.In connection with the emergence of a new type of weapon has become urgent establishment of atom-free areas.What is a demilitarized zone under the new conditions?It measures to ban the use of various types of nuclear weapons in individual areas where the international situation is tense.The establishment of such zones to avoid military conflicts, the result of which may be the beginning of a nuclear war.In addition, the creation of demilitarized areas and pursue different goals.In particular, these agreements are important steps on the way to the prohibition of all nuclear weapons.
So, in 1957 a plan to create such a zone has been put forward by Poland.This state has distributed a memorandum which prohibits the production, stockpiling and importation into the territory of certain European countries nuclear weapons.The list was included in addition to Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany and West Germany.
peace initiative supported by the government of the USSR.Sign the contract agreed to the GDR and Czechoslovakia.The proposal to establish a nuclear-free zone was supported by the democratic forces of Western countries, as well as some experts on military matters.However, despite this, the contract was not signed.He rejected Western governments.
To date, there is only one agreement, which provides for a nuclear-free zone.He is the Antarctic Treaty.The signing of the document took place on 01.12.1959 According to the terms of this agreement, in the Antarctic shall be prohibited to carry out any measures of a military nature, to experience all types of weapons and to carry out tests, even non-military.Suppose that this territory is uninhabited, but agreed in 1959 is a good start, paving the right path.
List demilitarized zone
Currently, between the Spanish territories of Ceuta and Melilla, as well as northern Morocco there is a territory where there are no military installations and troops are located.Zone demilitarization, as has been said, is the continent of Antarctica.In Asia, too, has its own DMZ.The territory of Korea in 1953 is divided into North and South.There are no troops on the border of Thailand and Cambodia, as well as in border areas of Iraq and Kuwait.Full demilitarization of the Zone are located in the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.
No armed forces and in some areas of Europe.An example is the area of the United Nations, is located on the island of Cyprus, and the band area on the border of Kosovo and Serbia.Since 1920, under the control of the Norwegian territory is demilitarized Spitsbergen archipelago.
Even in 1856 the Treaty of Paris confirmed the absence of military organizations in the Aland Islands.And it happened when a unilateral commitment on the part of Russia.This status was recognized by Finland and the Soviet Union.
There is a demilitarized zone in Ukraine.It is located between the State and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
Urgency demilitarization
Today, the most pressing issue of our time is the problem of the probability of military conflicts, as well as the militarization of the economic sphere.After
expensive for mankind arms race.Those armed conflicts that took place between 1945 and 1990., Claimed the lives of almost ten million people.
global confrontation, which weakened after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Warsaw agreements replaced by local conflicts wearing religious, ethnic and territorial nature.At the same time, many countries have nuclear weapons, it is extremely dangerous to world peace.It is therefore not lost its relevance issue of demilitarization, which is a convenient solution to eliminate armed conflicts.
Computer demilitarization
Today, there is virtually no companies that have not had access to the World Wide Web.This is a common technique by which you can speed search the necessary information, the exchange of data and documents, which can significantly improve performance.
However, there is a downside.When using the World Wide Web is necessary to protect the information transmitted.That's why need a DMZ network (DMZ) at any scale companies.How it works is simple.Normally, users get to the Internet helps the router.DMZ in this case will be a separate subnet that has no connection with either a LAN or the world wide web.This method allows to protect information from unauthorized access.
