In the process of teaching the Russian language school students are introduced to different types of discrimination.This word lexical analysis, and analysis of the composition and methods of education.Children learn to disassemble the proposal for members to reveal its features syntax and punctuation.And also produce many other language operation.
Justification threads
After repeating the material covered in primary school students in grades 5 to start the first major section of linguistics - phonetics.The completion of its study is the analysis of the sounds of speech.Why phonetics begins with a serious and in-depth familiarity with the native speech?The answer is simple.The text consists of sentences, sentences - from the words, and the words - of the sounds, which are the building blocks, building materials, a fundamental principle of the language, and not only Russian, but anyone.That is why the analysis of the sounds of speech - the beginning of the formation of practical skills and abilities of students in the linguistic work.
concept of phonetic analysis
What exactly he includes himself, and that students need to know in order to successfully cope with the tasks of the phonetic character?First, navigate the syllabic partitioning.Second, analysis of the sounds of speech can not be done without a clear distinction of vowels and consonants, paired and unpaired, weak and strong positions.Third, if it (the word) include written in notes, soft or hard elements, doubled letters, the student must also be able to navigate, what character is used to denote a particular sound to the letter.And even the most complex processes such as accommodation and assimilation (assimilation) and dissimilation (raspodoblenie), they must also be well understood (although these terms are not mentioned in the textbooks, however, children are introduced to these concepts).Naturally, the analysis of the sounds of speech can not be made if the child is not able to transcribe, does not know the basic rules of transcription.Therefore, the teacher should seriously and responsible approach to the teaching of section "Phonetics".
Theoretical recommendations
What is the scheme of parsing words by the sounds?What steps does it include?We will understand the details.To start token is issued from the text, put the sign "dash", after which it is written again, only this time is divided into syllables.Flexible accent.Then open the brackets, and the student must be the word written transcript - to write as it is heard, t. E. To reveal its sound envelope to designate soft phonemes, if any, and so on. D. Next, under option transcription to skip the line, hold down thevertical line.In front of her in a column written all the letters, after - in brackets sounds and given their complete characterization.In the end analysis carried a small horizontal line and, as a summing up, there is the number of letters and sounds in a word.
first example
how it looks in practice, t. E. In a school notebook?Proizvedёm first trial analysis of the sounds of speech.Sample analysis will provide an opportunity to understand the many nuances.Write: blanket.Divide into syllables: in kry-va'-lo.Transcribing: [pakryva'la].Analyze:
- n - [n] - the sound of a consonant, it is deaf, doubles pair - [b] solid;
- of - [a] - a vowel unstressed;
- to - [a] - the sound acc. He is deaf., Man., [Couple - g] steadfast .;
- p - [p] - the sound of a consonant, sonorous, so odd for sonority, hard;
- s - [s] - a vowel in the unstressed position;
- in - [in] - the sound of the acc., Is a call, a couple of his - [f], firm;
- well - [A '] - the vowel sound in the shock position;
- L - [L] - the sound acc., Refers to the sonorous, so unpaired., Firm;
- of - [a] - consonant unstressed.
Total: 9 letters in word sounds, and 9;their number is identical.
Example Two
see how to parse the words "friends" of sounds.We operate on the already planned scheme.We divide it into syllables, exhibiting stress: Dru-zya'.Now we write in transcribed form [druz'y'a'].And analyze:
- etc. - [d] - willing, he calls and is paired, the pair - [t], firm;
- p - [p] - acc., Clear, sonorous, gypsy, hard;
- have - [y] - vowel unstressed;
- s - [s'] - acc., Is a call, a deaf couple - [s], soft and also doubles [s];
- s - the sound does not mean;
- I - [D '] - semi-vowel, calls are always so odd, always soft;
- [A '] - vowel shock.
This word 6 letters and sounds 6.Their number is the same, ie. A. B indicates no sound, and the letter I, after the soft sign denotes two sounds.
third example shows how to do the analysis of the word "language" of sound.The algorithm you know.Prescribe it and divide into syllables: I-tongue.Zatranskribiruyte [y'izy'k].Disassemble phonetically:
- I - [D '] - semi-vowel, voiced unpaired always just soft;
- [a] - the sound of a vowel and unstressed;
- s - [s] - acc., Clear, pair, couple - [a] hard;
- s - [y'] - vowel, percussion;
- to - [a] - According to the deaf, doubles, [g], hard.
word consists of letters of 4 and 5 sounds.Their number is not the same because the letter Z is placed absolute beginning and 2 designates a sound.
Example fourth
Let's see what it looks like parsing the word "protein" by the sounds.After his discharge make hyphenation: white-ka.Now zatranskribiruyte [b'e'lka].And make letter-sound analysis:
- b - [b '] - acc., Calls, doubles, [n], soft;
- e - [e'] - vowel, percussion;
- L - [L] - acc., Sonorous, Nepara., In this case, hard;
- to - [a] - acc., Is deaf., Doubles, [g], firm;
- a - [a] - vowel unstressed.
In this word the same number of letters and sounds - to 5. As you can see, produce a phonetic analysis of the word is quite simple.It is only important to pay attention to the nuances of his pronunciation.
Example fifth
Now let's do the analysis of the word "fir" the sounds.Fifth graders this should be interesting.He will repeat and consolidate the phonetic features of vowels written in notes.It consists of one syllable word, which is also unusual students.It is transcribed as follows: [ye'l '].Now carry out the analysis:
- e - [D '] - semi-vowel, voiced gypsy, soft;
- [e'] - vowel, percussion;
- l - [n'] - consonant sonorous, so odd, in that the word mild;
- s - does not mean the sound.
Thus, the word "fir" 3 letters and 3 sound.The letter E is the sound 2, t. To. Is the beginning of the word, and the soft sounds of a sign does not mean.
Draw conclusions
We gave examples of phonetic analysis of words consisting of a different number of syllables and sounds.Teacher explaining the subject by teaching their pupils should try to fill their vocabulary concepts.Speaking of sound, "N", "R", "L", "M", you should call them sonorous, simultaneously pointing out that they are always ringing, and therefore do not have a pair for voicelessness.[Q] is not sonorous, but also just ringing, and this parameter is adjacent to the previous four.Moreover, earlier it was believed that this refers to the sound of a consonant, but its fair to call semi-vowel, t. To. He is very close to the sound [and].How better to remember them?Record children sentence: "We have not seen her friend."In it and include all resonant.
Special cases indiscriminately
In order to properly determine the phonetic structure of words, it is important to be able to listen to it.For example, the word form "horses" will have a view of the transcription: [lashyd'e'y '], "rain" - [do'sch'].Understand their own fifth-grader with these and similar cases is difficult.Therefore, the teacher should try to analyze the lessons interesting examples of disciples and pay attention to some of the subtleties of language.It concerns, and words such as "holiday", "yeast", t. E., Having doubled or unpronounceable consonants.In practice it looks as follows: Hol-nick [pra'z'n'ik];drozh Ms [dro'zhy].Above the "g" should draw the line, indicating the duration of the sound.Non-standard here and the role of the letter I. Here, it refers to the sound s.
On the role of transcription
What word is required to transcribe?Phonetic analysis helps to see a graphic image of the token.E., Illustrate how the word appears in its sound envelope.What is the general purpose of this analysis?It consists not only in the comparison of language units (letters and sounds, their number).Phonetic analysis makes it possible to trace, at which position the same letter represents a different sound.So, it is generally believed that in Russian the vowel "e" is always in the position of a strong shock.However, in the words of foreign origin, this rule does not fire.The same applies to the complex composition of tokens, consisting of two or more roots.For example, triple-core adjective.Transcription is it: [tr'ioh'a'd'irny '].As you can see, here the shock sound [a].
the issue of hyphenation
hyphenation - is also a fairly complex issue for fifth graders.Usually the teacher focuses on children is usually how many vowels in a word, so many syllables.Re-ka 2 syllables;in shower Single: 3 syllable.This so-called simple cases where vowels are surrounded by consonants.Several more difficult for the children the situation is different.For example, the word "blue" is observed vowel.Students at a loss how to divide into syllables similar options.It is to explain to them that there usually remains the same: B-nya-I (three syllables).
These are the characteristics observed in the phonetic parsing.
