At all times people had to be explained and understood each other.This is especially important if they speak different languages, even if they related.And then it turns a kind of mixture, incorporates features of both dialects.
Occurrence
What surzhik?Linguists do not have a clear opinion on the matter.This phenomenon is studied enough, even though it is observed for a long time, and now the place to be.Usually this term is referred mixture of Ukrainian and Russian languages, but sometimes Surzhikov called contact system between any two adverbs.Surzhik separate language is not considered, it is even closer to the vernacular, although sufficiently developed.
original meaning of the word in linguistics had nothing to do - the so-called bread or flour, made from several types of grain.
causes of this phenomenon is quite simple: for several centuries the Ukrainian language were punished, it said that this is just a dialect of Russian.For a while there was even a ban on printing books in Ukrainian language development was impossible.Not surprisingly, in these conditions, formation of more or less a simple option that combines the features of both languages.
Probably Ukrainian surzhik had several sources.Firstly, this communication in mixed families, and secondly, rural version, full rusitsizmami, and, of course, the need to understand each other and to explain to people, initially speaking different languages.So the process of interpenetration is quite logical.
Features
What surzhik terms of linguistics?What it has the structure?The unequivocal answer to these questions is no.The status is also unclear.Someone thinks that it can be considered nothing more than slang, a conversational style.Some argue that its essence is more complicated than a simple contamination of the Ukrainian language Russian words.There is even the view that it is evolving into an independent linguistic branch and not a vernacular language or illiterate option recipient.Thus, the question of what surzhik, remains open.
This grammar rules remain unchanged.The lexicon is filled rusitsizmami - in the classical sense this is surzhik.The words are clear as a result of the carriers of both dialects, that is possible to more or less normal contact.Surzhik official status does not matter.Modern linguists of Ukraine it is considered simply as a corrupted version of the literary yazyka.Spory that is surzhik how to perceive it, briefly subside but then flare up again.
Modern Distribution
appeared in the XIX century, it still exists.In fact, the "classic" surzhik now used about a fifth of the population of Ukraine - it is spoken by 18% of citizens.Most of it is common, of course, on the border with the Russian Federation - that is, in the northeastern part of the country.In the neighboring areas already owned by the Russian Federation (Voronezh and Belgorod), it is also used, however, has a slightly different shape.The inhabitants of these places claim to speak in Ukrainian, but in fact it is a Russian borrowings.
There are cases of using this phenomenon to create a comic effect both orally and in writing.On the border with Poland also has its own linguistic branch, as it is called - surzhik.
Examples of
As already mentioned, the main feature surzhik - preserving the general principles of Ukrainian grammar and spelling when borrowing of Russian words.The result is a very interesting mix.
| Surzhik | literary Ukrainian language |
| first, second, tretіy | Purshia, friend, tretіy |
| Skіki Tobi lєt? | Skіlki Tobi rokіv? |
| Yak dіla? | Yak handle? |
| Yak Yak | will have to bring |
Despite the uncertain status and future prospects, today surzhik - this is extremely interesting linguistic phenomenon that causes so much controversy is because it can be perceived quite differently.In any case, it is a certain stage in the development yazyka.Kto knows, maybe in the future it is waiting for a complete separation.Maybe the desire of Ukrainians to self-identification will lead to a complete return of the literary norm.
other mixed languages
Although surzhik - an interesting phenomenon, it is not unique.For example, in Belarus, in addition to the standard language there are so-called trasianka similar Ukrainian variant.Furthermore, mixtures exist in Europe.Their local dialect common in Greece, Serbia, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain and other countries.They can also be found in some regions of Latin America, in Africa.There is an example in Russia - Medny Aleut language, existing in one of the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea.He is dying.According to 2004, they owned only 5 people.And since their own written language, this dialect has not, with the death of the last vehicle he will disappear altogether.
