Once mankind were created by the computer, will soon come to understand that independent devices can not realize their full potential.In addition, people have realized the need to create a new approach to the processes of processing, transmission and storage of information, as well as the environment, capable of bringing together all the information resources held by humanity.This understanding is the first step towards the creation of systems used by today almost every inhabitant of the planet.We are talking about information systems, combining millions of computers located around the world - local and global computer networks.
At the moment, local and global computer networks perform a variety of functions, but chief among them - the union of all the information accumulated by mankind, and access to it at any time and from anywhere in the world.Among other things, the union, which were and still are subject to local and global computer networks, making it possible to create a system that allows processing huge arrays of information with incredible speed and access to virtually any data volumes.
Computer network technology protocols principles on which they work, continue to constantly improve and develop.Local and global computer networks have long turned into a science, research and development of which involved the best minds from around the world.
All local and global computer networks work in a standard designed specifically for computer networks - OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
structure of the network suggests that the construction and use of the network will use the following main components:
- transmission medium.It may be represented by a coaxial cable, telephone cable, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, radio air and other species.
- Workstations.Can be represented PC, workstation or network station itself.In the case when the workstation connected to a network, may not require any hard disks, audio or any other storage device.At the same time we should not forget the need for a network adapter - a special device that allows the operating system boots from the network remotely.
- interface card.Is a network that permits the processes of interaction networks and workstations.
- Servers.The server is a separate computer equipped with software to perform the functions of network management, which is available to share.
- Network software.
are very important network protocols, which operate on the basis of local and global computer networks.Protocol provides the following services: addressing and routing information, error checking, organizing a retransmission request.In addition to the functions assigned to the protocol establishing the rules under which cooperation will be implemented in each network environment.
most widely following network protocols:
IP, stands for Internet Protocol.This protocol is TCP / IP stack provides address information and routing information.On the basis of this protocol it built the largest global network in the world - the Internet.
IPX to NWLink.This protocol is designed Novel NetWare and is used for routing and distribution of areas in which travel packages.
NetBEUI.This protocol was developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft and designed to provide transport services for NetBIOS.
DDP.This transmission protocol established by Apple and has found application in the Apple Talk.
