Lena River (on the map Russia, this geographical object stands out against the background of the other) is the largest in Eastern Siberia.Furthermore, it is tenth in the list the longest rivers in the world.Where on the map is the Lena River?For some areas occurs?What are the settlements located along it?Which ones are the largest?This and much more will be discussed later in the article.
General
area where on the map is the Lena River, includes a number of subjects of the Russian Federation.In particular, it takes place in Irkutsk, Amur region, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk and Zabaikalsk edges, as well as in Buryatia and Yakutia.The Lena River, photos of which can be seen above, is the largest in Russia.Its pool lies within that State.Whence came the name of the river?It is believed that his roots are in the Evenki language belongs to the Manchu-Tungus group.He became a pioneer explorer demid pyanda.The mouth of the Lena river he called "Elyuene."Later, the name was transformed and its present shape.
Geography
Lena River on the map Russia looks scale compared with other objects.The length of it is about 4400 km.The pool has an area of 2490 sq. M.m. Depending on the nature of the flow are three plot.The first includes the source of the river Lena (on the map it is clearly seen) before the Vitim.From its point of attachment to the end of the Aldan - the second section.The lower part of the third - from Aldan to the place where the river flows into the Lena (this is the Laptev Sea).
Upstream
is the area on the map where is the Lena River, includes a variety of geographic features, directly related to the area.In particular, the flow starts from the lake, located near the lake (seven kilometers).It is located at an altitude of 1470 m. In 1997, 19 August, where the river originates Lena, was built a chapel.The entire top portion, that is, in fact, a third of the length of the stream in the mountain passes Predbajkale.In the area Kirensk water consumption averages 1,100 cubic meters.m / sec.
average for
to this part of the river include the segment between the Vitim and Aldan.Its length - about 1415 kilometers.Not far from the confluence of the Vitim Lena moves into the territory of Yakutia.It lies in the area until its closure.Having a Vitim Lena River (on the map Russia this area is clearly visible) becomes a powerful high-water flow.The depths in this area increased to 10-12 meters, the channel widens, there are numerous islands.Valley expands to 20-30 kilometers.It is asymmetrical: the right slope slightly higher and steeper.He is represented by the northern boundary of Patom Highlands.Left - more gentle.On both slopes grows a dense pine forest, in some places, revocable meadow.The section from Aldan to Olekma and Lena River has no significant tributaries.Over five hundred kilometers, cutting Prilenskoye plateau stream passes through a narrow and deep valley, which is embedded in the limestone.Just below Pokrovskii river enters the plains area.As a result, the valley is expanding rapidly, and the rate of flow is essentially slowed down.It is less than 1.3 meters per second (most - 0.5-0.7 m / sec.).The width of the floodplain, however, reaches 5-7, and in some areas - 15 km and the whole valley as a whole - 20 km wide.
Downstream
Below Yakutsk discharged into the river two main tributaries - Viluy and Aldan.At this point the flow becomes a giant.Even in an area where there is only one channel, the width of up to ten kilometers, and depth - more than 16-20 meters.On the island of the Lena spreads up to 20-30 km.There are very few human settlements - the coast is almost deserted.Lower flow is characterized by a narrow pool.On the eastern branch of the advancing Verkhoyansk Range - the watershed Yana and Lena.On the west side are slight hill from the Central Siberian Plateau.They share Olenek and Lena.Just below with.Bulun stream is compressed to fit him very close ranges: from the east - Haraulah, from the west - Czekanowski.Approximately 150 kilometers from the Laptev Sea stretches a vast delta of the Lena River.
Hydrology
data vodoraskhodu at the mouth of the Lena quite contradictory from various sources.Frequently even these can be found malfunctioning.The uncertainty is amplified by the fact that the river has a vast delta, and a plurality of ducts.In the area of land necessary to the pool, with an area - 60 sq. M.km.Various estimates the flow of water a year in the range of 489 to 542 sq.km.This corresponds to an average annual flow at the end of the stream is 15 500-17 175 m3 / second.
As the main power of this site is, in fact, most of the tributaries are the rain and meltwater.Receipt of groundwater resources hampered the widespread permafrost within the catchment area.The only exception is geothermal.
Seasonal changes in the level and flow of water to the river
characterized by some pretty high floods in the summer, spring floods and low water period in the autumn-winter period (up to 366 m3 / s).All figures are dependent on the water flow rate of the total precipitation.In the spring flood in June accounting for up to 40% of the gutter, from June to October - 91%.At the mouth of the largest water consumption on average per month was registered in 1989 year.Then, in June, he was 104 000 m3 / second.During the flood in the area of the river the end of the maximum flow may exceed 200 000 m3 / s.
Ice mode
River located mostly in the area with harsh climatic conditions.The stream is different from the others with its powerful ice jams and ice regime as a whole.Winter is very cold, with little snow and prolonged.The ice in these conditions formed a thick and durable.Spring break-up is characterized by high strength.Wort frozen blocks and flooding vast areas - enough frequent phenomenon for Lena.Spring flood first of all (at the end of April) is celebrated in the area Kirensk - upstream.Gradually moving to the north, the flow comes to the more untroubled in the ice river.Before the lower reaches of the spill reaches about the middle of June.During this period, the water rises above the low water level by 6-8 meters, and in the lower reaches of the rise can be up to 18 m.
inflows
area on the map where is the Lena River, includes a plurality of water flow.They fall into the channel.Among the tributaries should be allocated Tea, Big Pat, Kuta, Vitim Viluy, Olekma, Aldan, young, feel, Kirenga, Lunghu, Biryukov.Among them are large enough.One of these is, for example, Aldan.Average fuel consumption in its mouth - 5060 m3 / s, and the basin area - 729,000 square meters.km.Four main tributary - Vitim, Aldan, and Viluy Olekma - clearly distinguished by its size among others.
Shipping
Lena River on the map of Russia is surrounded in some places quite large objects.Among these settlements have a special bond value.It should be noted that the river until today is the main shipping route from Yakutsk.This transport line links the areas subject to other federal territories.Adrift Lena carried the bulk of the "importation of the North."It is believed that the marina Kachug - start shipping.However, the port Osetrovo upstream are only small ships.Just below the town of Ust-Kut and to the confluence of the Vitim takes a lot of the complicated navigation and places a relatively small plots.To improve the transport network in the place of work annually to facilitate dredging.Navigation is carried out from 125 to 170 days.
Places
It should be noted that the area through which the river flows, inhabited by relatively weak.It is located six cities.The largest is undoubtedly Yakutsk, although its population - a little more than 300 thousand people.The city was founded in 1632, the year.
the old town on the Lena considered Kirensk.It was founded in 1630.The distance between the settlements as a whole (with the exception of the territory near Yakutsk, where there is a relatively high population density) can be up to several hundred kilometers.This terrain is spread taiga.It is often possible to meet the abandoned village, the village.Periodically there are temporary camp settlements.Among the historic sites of note Zhigansk.It was founded in 1632, the year, and from 1783 till 1805 was the first status of county town.
Another historic site - Sottintsy.Here is Lenin Museum-Preserve of History and Architecture "Friendship".Sottintsy - the place of the original foundation of Yakutsk.
economic importance
Lena River is considered one of the cleanest in the world.The bed is not changed by man.Today, along the river, there are no dams, hydropower stations and other structures.In areas not inhabited by man, you can drink water straight from the stream.Due to the fact that along the course is not very much populated areas, economic activity is not characterized by a high intensity.Considered the largest port cities such as Yakutsk, Lensk, Kirensk sturgeon.
Ecology
As evidenced by the results of research scientists from different countries (University of Alaska, National Center for Research of France, Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences), a negative impact on the state of flow can affect global warming.The temperature in the region where the river descends in winter to seventy degrees.In this lies a layer of permafrost and a half kilometers.As the scientists, the ambient temperature over the last forty years has risen by an average of four degrees.And without this sufficiently severe floods are gaining strength from year to year.This is damaging to the state banks.In addition, there is an active movement of the islands downstream.By 2009, the year the rate at which the descent they reached twenty-seven meters per year.
