In linguistics, assimilation and dissimilation - a phonological terms.Under them understand the process of assimilation or raspodobleniya sounds in the neighborhood.That is a concept completely opposite in meaning.
Assimilation - it is a linguistic phenomenon in the Russian language, when in a single word or a combination of sounds likened to each other.It has several causes.The main reason that there is assimilation - this connectedness neighboring articulation of sounds.As a result of this proximity, some of them acquire other properties.Assimilation - a phenomenon that has several manifestations.As a rule, there are several types of it:
1) accommodation.This is when the movement of the vocal apparatus in the utterance of a single sound adapting to the articulation of the other.As often happens with cacuminal consonants.It sounds, pronouncing that a person directs his tongue up.For example, the word "laugh it off" 't' in the pronunciation of adapting to "sh".
2) coarticulation.It appears as the mutual influence of sound, standing nearby.For example, what happens to consonant, which stands before a vowel "o" or "u"?He ogublyaetsya because the movements necessary for pronouncing the two neighboring sounds occur simultaneously.
3) Actually assimilation.This phenomenon, when the sounds are located close to or in the neighborhood, are likened to such a degree that they become the reason for changing the phonemic composition of a particular word.You can consider it as a consequence of the previous two processes, since it has more visible results.
however, be wrong to regard the assimilation of only in terms of physiology.The fact is that from the point of articulation always have two, not one single variant pronunciation.For example, take the word "embroider".It is pronounced clean: Dr. (USA) it, and RA (Rm) it.
Depending on what kind of sound from the two combined likened, distinguish:
- regressive assimilation.In this case, the sound of the second position is stronger and the first articulation likened him.This kind of assimilation into the Russian language is very common.For example, the word "fairy tale" sound "z" became deaf after "k";
- progressive assimilation.In this case, the first sound is stronger, and the subsequent likened him.In Russian, this phenomenon does not occur.
Also assimilation may be partial or complete.It depends on the results of assimilation.If the sounds which are connected to a word or phrase, differ from each other only by one basis, then there is a complete assimilation.For example, the word "give" sounds "t" and "d" are different only on the basis of voicing, voicelessness, so "T" completely assimilated "d" and the word is pronounced as "o (dd) amb."If there are still differences on some properties, that assimilation is done only partially.For example, the word "discourage" the sound of "e" and "t" are distinguished not just by voicing, voicelessness, but also hardness, softness on the specifics of the speech apparatus movements when pronouncing.
Assimilation in English has its own features.In it, she appears less loss of sound or assimilation, but a change in the place where the barrier is formed.For example, under «s, z, n, t», the pronunciation of which is committed to the alveoli, before some others agree to move a tooth gap.This simplifies the previous utterance of sounds.
clear that assimilation - a process that has a phonetic nature.That is why over time it causes varying degrees of changes in phonology.Availability of assimilation in a word or its absence leads to the fact that the same sounds in it may have different characteristics.
