In 1667 ended the military conflict between Russia and Rzeczpospolita.The end of any military action is accompanied by the signing of a peace treaty.Such was signed after the conflict between Poland and Russia in the village of Andrusovo - modern Smolensk region.
historical conditions of the agreement
Russian-Polish war was the result of confrontation between the two countries have had territorial claims on land South West of Russia.The reason for the outbreak of hostilities was the decision of the Provincial Council on the adoption of Russian Cossacks in citizenship - it has repeatedly asked the hetman and the leader of the national liberation revolution Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
beginning of the war was a success for the Russian side, but suddenly Sweden attacked Poland.In these conditions, the Commonwealth signed the Truce of Vilna with Russia.Goal - Poland becomes easier to defend from Sweden.What happened the other party to the contract?Russia got the opportunity to start their campaign against Sweden, which soon happened.
significant factor in the end of the Russian-Polish war was the death of Bogdan Khmelnitsky.Hetman was plunged into ruins (civil war) - a result of the split, one part of the Cossacks sided with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.In fact, the territory of Ukraine was divided along the Dnieper.Andrusiv truce a few years consolidate fact split.
waging war on different fronts sides of the conflict led to a complete weakening of Russia and Poland.At the final stage of the war, the Commonwealth was defeated by Russian troops at the White Church and Korsun.Fighting damped by the exhaustion of human and material resources.In this state, the parties came to the signing of a peace treaty.
reasons armistice
Any truce in the history of always two reasons: one side is clearly weaker than the other and accepts the terms of the winner.There is another option - the same warring countries exhausted and in need of a reasonable settlement of the conflict.
what might be called the signing of the Treaty of Andrusovo reasons?
- war has exhausted itself - no longer have the strength and the need to fight.
- Truce of Vilna laid the foundation of the future of a large contract.
- beginning of the Russian-Swedish War - Russia was uncomfortable fighting on two fronts.
- desire to take control of the Hetman, which launched a massive civil war.
- Strengthening and activation of a new enemy - the Ottoman Empire.
signing of the agreement: representatives of the parties
truce began to discuss more in 1666.Many disputes cause territorial claims, grievances remembered for violation Polyanovsky world.The diplomatic battle could last a few more years, but the situation has changed the situation in Hetman.Peter Doroshenko, proclaimed himself Hetman of all Ukraine, Crimea adopted a protectorate.Thus, Poland has lost Khanate as an ally.In this situation, Russia could strengthen its negotiating position.
The agreement was signed on January 30 (February 9), 1667.Russia was represented by a well-known diplomat and politician Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin.Andrusiv truce with Poland - this is his idea.The diplomat insisted on the signing of an agreement to strengthen relations with Poland to fight against Sweden and the spread of Russian influence in the whole of Europe.This policy was influential at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich.
Andrusiv truce, as an important event in the diplomatic history of the XVII century, known through documents Ordin-Nashchokin.Documents, which can be detailed to trace the history of the signing of the treaty, remained very small, and they provide fragmentary information.
Polish side was represented by Yuri Glebovich - politician, diplomat, statesman.The signing of the Treaty of Andrusovo considered also to his credit, for which he was awarded the King Rzeczpospolita.Representatives of the Cossacks in the negotiations on the agreement were not allowed.
Terms truce
After the settlement of all outstanding issues was signed Andrusiv truce.The parties entered into a contract for thirteen and a half years.This period was allocated for the preparation of the "Eternal Peace".Basically, the contract relates to section territories and spheres of influence.
Russia under the terms of the agreement got under the control of Chernihiv, Starodubschinu, Seversk ground, Left-Bank Ukraine.Lithuanian conquest canceled.Andrusiv truce in 1667 Poland guaranteed control over the territories of Right-Bank Ukraine and Belarus.Co-administration of the two monarchies extended to Zaporozhye.In the event of an attack Tatars parties to the contract were to provide military assistance to the Cossacks.Under the terms of the armistice Kiev had for 2 years to remain under Russian control.
agreement to regulate the return of prisoners of war after the war, a section of the church property.The contract had items that regulate the economic relations between the two countries - one of the articles stipulates the right to free trade between Russia and the Commonwealth.
conclusion of the contract value
Andrusiv truce with Poland Russian historians estimated ambiguous.Some call it a forced move, which went from the need to complete the military conflict.Others note the positive aspects of signing the contract - the rapprochement with Poland, which could become an ally in the fight against the Ottoman Empire.In addition, Russia has regained some of the lost ground.To this criticism truce meet that failed to win the Baltic Sea, which was planned at the beginning of hostilities.
Consequences
contract is considered significant step towards the unification of the Slavic peoples, although many foreign policy issues were not resolved.For the Ukrainian lands truce had negative consequences - it was legally enshrined division of territories along the Dnieper.A significant blow was the Cossacks as a social layer.Intensify the struggle for power in Hetman.Part of the Belarusian lands passed to Poland.
Andrusiv truce - an important international treaty marked the end of hostilities, but marked the beginning of some political strife.
