history of our country the end of XVII - beginning of XVIII century is replete with numerous events that directly affect the further course of development of Russia.Personality of Peter the Great, his energy, foolish activities have led to the emergence of a new state, and the Treaty of Nystad was one of the main achievements of this era.
"Age of losses"
At the end of XVII century Russia was quite vast country, however, it does not have a significant impact on EU-wide business.The reason for this is as the previous historical events, and the inertia of the rulers.Throughout this century, our country experienced a lot of turmoil.Time of Troubles, the intervention of the Commonwealth and Sweden, the loss of the western lands, popular uprisings, the apogee of which was the rebellion of Stepan Razin.As a result of all these events, Russia lost access to the sea, in which there was an active trade, and was in isolation.
In addition, the important role played by the fact that the rulers of this period: Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexis, Theodore A., Ivan - were in poor health and did not differ state thinking.The exception to this was a series of Sophia.
Home Affairs large
It was a short period of regent for the younger brothers - Ivan, who was feeble-minded, and Peter, who was unable to rule on their own due to childhood.When it became more active foreign policy.Russia made two Crimean campaigns that were designed to weaken this Khanate, and, if possible, to regain access to the Black Sea.However, both the military campaign ended very badly for Russia, which was one of the causes of the fall of Sophia.
Peter, meanwhile, seemed to be engaged in childish.He organized war games, studying tactics, Kolomenskoye village on the lake was built a few ships that Peter proudly referred fleet.As they get older it is more clearly understood that Russia simply must have access to warm seas shipping.In this idea he was further strengthened by visiting the White Sea and Archangel - one ice-free port, available to the Russian.
exploration and cooperation with Europe
fight between Peter and Sophia ended in victory for the former.Since 1689 he takes all the power in their hands.The king was the dilemma to which the sea - Black or Baltic - try to get out.In 1695 and 1696, he decided to fight to scout forces opposed to our country in the south.Azov campaigns have shown that the existing Russian forces are definitely not enough to overcome the powerful Ottoman Empire and its faithful vassal - Crimean Khanate.
Peter did not despair, and turned his attention to the north, to the Baltic Sea.Here he dominated Sweden but engage with one of the leading European countries of that time without allies was suicidal, so the period of 1697-1698 years.King organized the Great Embassy to Europe.During this time, he visited the most developed countries of the continent, inviting experts in the military, engineering and shipbuilding business in Russia.Along the way, diplomats recognized the balance of power in Europe.By this time the brewing division of the Spanish inheritance, and the north of Europe little interest to the great powers.
Treaty of Nystad in 1721: sources victory
Taking advantage of this, the embassy concluded a number of agreements with Poland, Saxony and Denmark.This union was known in history as the Northern Alliance and was aimed at undermining the rule of Sweden in the Baltic region.The war begins in 1700.
Swedish king acted very quickly and decisively.In the same year Swedish troops landed not far from Copenhagen and powerful attacks forced the Danish king to conclude a peace.The next victim Carl Twelfth chose Russia.As a result of inept command and other circumstances of the Russian army suffered a crushing defeat at Narva.The Swedish king decided that he no longer Peter rival, and focused military operations in Saxony, where it has achieved a victory in 1706.
Peter, however, did not fall into despair.Fast, energetic measures it creates, in fact, a new army based on conscription, and virtually renews artillery park.At the same time the fleet was under construction.After 1706 Russia was at war with Sweden alone.And action king yielded results.Gradually the initiative and superiority over to the Russian army, which was secured victory in the Battle of Poltava, which resulted in the ending to what was signed Treaty of Nystad with Sweden.
Russian Empire becomes
However, the war continued for another 12 years, to victory in the Russian land added offshore Victoria.Gangut battle Grengamskoe 1714 and 1720 consolidated the dominant role of the Russian fleet on the Baltic coast.In view of the apparent advantages of Russian Swedish government requested an armistice.Treaty of Nystad was signed a few months later, it marked the complete victory of our country.
astonished Britain and France were struck by the fact that while they were engaged in the affairs of the Spanish, in the east of the continent formed such a powerful military and political force.But I had to agree.Terms of the Treaty of Nystad expected change in the borders between the two states.To Russia for an everlasting possession departed territory Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, as well as some regions of Karelia.For these lands Russia agreed to pay compensation of Sweden 2 million rubles and to return to Finland.Senate proclaimed emperor Peter and Russia - Empire.From this moment our state is becoming one of the countries - vershitelnits the fate of Europe and the world.
