adoption in 1993, the year of the Russian Constitution, the principles of consolidation of the federal structure of the state initiated the formation of a new system of institutions - state authorities of subjects.Updates structure element defines the basic law of the country and region-specific statutes.In accordance with Art.5 of the Constitution within the state there are equal subjects: territory, region, city of federal significance.The latter are special elements of the structure of government.Who is the federal city?Which actors have that status?It was later in the article.
General
federal cities of the Russian Federation - subjects with a particular form of the structure of local government.They are part of the authority given directly to state authorities in the region.Previously, until 2014, the year the city-resort of federal significance had not.In light of recent events in the Crimea, the situation has changed.In accordance with Art.65 of the Basic Law the status of cities of federal significance are three subjects that are part of the state.In addition, similar to the status of the region is not part of the country.On the basis of international agreements with Kazakhstan since 1995, the year for the period of the lease of the cosmodrome Baikonur complex has a similar status.This subject is not officially part of Russia.Accordingly, it is not represented in the executive bodies of the structure of the state apparatus of the country.As a result of the Crimean events and followed them after a referendum in 2014 on March 18 signed a contract with the partially recognized republic of Crimea.According to it it was given the status of Sevastopol city of federal importance of the Russian Federation.According to Art.77 of the Constitution of the management structure in the subjects of self-organized by the procedures laid down in the Basic Law, and by the general principles of the system unit.That's what caused the constitutional and legal features possessed by the authorities (legislative and executive), the city of federal significance.
Background
forerunners of cities with special status can be considered as existing in the city government of the Russian Empire.What are they?It was a town separated from the provinces because of their particular geographical situation or the value of, and reports directly to the Minister of Internal Affairs.Subsequently, the city government has been converted.After the October Revolution, these formations were liquidated (reorganized in the county or counties).By 1931, the ninth year of Leningrad and Moscow, two major cities in the Soviet Union, were again divided into separate units of republican subordination.This status in 1948, he received Sevastopol, and then, in 1987 - Leninsk.After the Soviet Union ceased to exist, Leningrad and Moscow received the status of independent entities and the federal cities.Became a part of Ukraine Sevastopol under its administrative division is a special unit.However, with the recent adoption of the Russian Crimea, he was also a city of federal significance.As for the city of Baikonur, he is, as already mentioned above, refers to the Republic of Kazakhstan.Under its legislation, the city has the status of national importance.
intercity territory
This type of municipal formation was established in 2006 year.It is an independent organizational form.Within the boundaries of the municipality the local government carries out the population, either directly or through elected and other bodies.Regulating the governance provisions of the Basic Law, the Charter of the subject and of the municipality.The structure of Moscow is of 146 independent units.Among them, 21 districts and 125 village.In St. Petersburg, only 11 entities.This includes 30 settlements and 81 district.
Moscow - a city of federal significance
It should be noted that this area has some of the constitutional and legal features.In particular, it combines the status of a federal-city, capital of the state, in fact, it carries out functions of the center area.This area has some of the characteristics of the municipality.As the number of Moscow is the largest city and the subject of Russia.Here are the bodies of state power of the country (except the Constitutional Court), embassies of various foreign countries, the main offices of the largest enterprises, the headquarters of social organizations.In Moscow, a system of local government.
Brief History
first transformation began in the 2nd half of the 13th century.At that time, Moscow has become the center of an independent principality.Growth and development of the territory contributed to the location at the intersection of major trade routes fairly.By the 14th century the territory of Moscow widened.She was joined Mozhaisk and Kolomna principality.In the same period increased importance of the city as a major religious center through the establishment of the Moscow diocese, and the transfer of residence of the Metropolitan.In the 15th century the territory has acquired a new status.At the time, Moscow became the capital of a large state first in Russia and then a single state Russian.Capital status was lost in 1712.Despite this, Moscow was the site for the coronation of emperors.Capital status is back with a victory of Bolshevism in 1920 and persists to this day.
federal city of St. Petersburg
This subject - the administrative, industrial center in the Northwest District.In St. Petersburg have the highest controls the Leningrad region.It was founded by Peter the Great in 1703, the year on May 27.The city is the Constitutional Court, the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS member states, Heraldic Council.In St. Petersburg, placed as the command of the Navy and the headquarters of the military forces of the country on the Western Military District.
Background
In St. Petersburg, there were three of the revolution.During World War II, the territory was under siege for 900 days, resulting in the deaths of 1.5 million. People.In 1965, he was awarded the status of "Hero City".St. Petersburg is the most northern city with a population of over a million people.The area of the occupied territory - 1439 square meters.km.Saint Petersburg - one of the most important economic, cultural and scientific centers of the country, one of the largest transportation hubs.The historic center and the surrounding facilities are included in the UNESCO list of heritage sites.
