After the opening of its electricity became widely used in the industry, although studies of its nature at the same time continued.Main principles, allowing to calculate the simplest elements of the circuit using Ohm's law.But it began to appear sophisticated circuits, and often with their calculations had difficulties.At this time, thanks to the work of the German physicist Kirgofa appeared Kirgofa law, which allows to describe any electrical circuit.
It is necessary to make preliminary clarifications on some elements of the chain.The circuit node is a connection with several (usually three or more) conductors that are suitable from different locations and then into other compounds of the divergent point.For electrical circuit called a closed loop path through which an electric current.The circuit consists of several independent nodes, each node does not occur more than once.
These laws have become a working tool for many generations of engineers, allowing to solve the challenges.They concern mainly branched chains.Kirgofa first law states that the total current flowing into the node is equal to the sum of currents flowing from it.You can draw an analogy with water.If you are connected together by two rivers, the amount of water flowing on both rivers, equal to the amount of water flowing on after the confluence of the rivers.
In principle, everything is clear and understandable.That's only necessary to recall the law of conservation of energy.Formulated Kirgofa above the law can be considered its consequence.How many electrons come to the host circuit, the same number of electrons has to go.If all of the current flowing in the electrical circuit unit, will not go away completely from the node, the node will begin to accumulate charge, and this actually happens.All fully complies with the applicable law of conservation of energy - nothing does not arise out of nowhere and disappear into nowhere.
no less easy to understand, and the second law of Kirgofa.It concerns the complex, branched chains, which consist of several components.This chain can be divided into a number of separate simple contours.If the circuit has additional sources such as a battery, the electrons flowing in the circuit may receive additional energy or save it to the resistors and other elements.
describing behavior of electric current in such circuits Kirgofa second law states that the electrical circuit in the closed circuit EMF is equal to the sum of the total voltage drop in the circuit, i.e.the amount of stress in a closed loop zero.In view of the law of conservation of energy here, too, everything is clear.In closed loop power can not take anywhere besides an existing source.If the energy is taken out of nowhere, then we can talk about creating a perpetual motion machine.In this case, the current passing through the closed circuit must be increased.In fact, nothing like this happens, as there is no perpetual motion.
Kirgofa apply the law, both the first and second for calculation of circuit elements.In the first place - to calculate and determine the operating mode of the circuit elements required denominations.These elements may be connected in various ways, forming nodes and paths.The compounds can be both serial and parallel.
Thanks described the laws is always possible to determine the operating conditions of the various elements that affect their voltage flowing currents, electrical radio to pick up suitable to the conditions of work.These laws are often used in calculations of the engineers a wide variety of electronic and electrical circuits.This calculation makes it possible to ensure correct and durability of the products.
That's how the laws Kirgofa first and second.This is a simplified summary, there are no formulas and calculations of possible examples, and describes the essence of the laws themselves, their connection to the law of conservation of energy, and gives examples of possible use.
