2010 for experts studying ancient Rus, and just fans of history was marked by a very important event: the online open access posted Facial Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (popularly referred to as the King-book).We scan it and put into a worldwide network of representatives of the Society of Ancient Literature.
What is the importance of this event?
agree that the most important thing in every historian - is the source material: Writing, art, architecture, everyday objects and other artifacts.Unfortunately, in our time, not so many researchers are turning it past them.They often cite the study and the work of other historians, and those of third and so on.As a result, if you start to understand, most of these scientists never use primary sources, and all of his works created on the basis of hearsay and opinions.It turns out that these works can be likened to a bad copy of a copy of a "blockbuster."If you open and read what is written in the ancient document and compare the information with the fact that modern historians write, you can often find not only some errors, but sometimes completely opposite facts.That's it, and this happens all the time.
ancient artifacts Russia
Unfortunately, up to now there are not many genuine first-hand, as we would like.If we consider the architectural monuments, they left quite a bit, and besides, most of them belong to the 18-19 centuries, because in Russia the basic building material - a forest, and regular wars and fires are not spared such structures.If you take everyday objects and jewelry, so it is not all so simple that it was possible to save - it's all artifacts 15-19 centuries.This, too, is understandable, because the precious metals and stones have always been the aim of various types of fans gain and black archeologists.Almost all ancient tombs (mounds, etc.) on the territory of our country were looted in the days of Catherine the Great.
Oral tradition
most complete historical information about the history of our land are preserved in the memory of the people - a legend, legends, fairy tales, epics, and so on.. However, scientists have categorically denied the possibility of considering oral tradition as a source of information, at least,in relation to the fact that due to the bygone Russia, although willing to fully accept the legend, say, Scandinavian and British peoples.But in our fairy tales and legends preserved many interesting facts, a certain interpretation which confirms one of the most popular modern theories (A. Sklyarov "Inhabited Island Earth").For example, we all know about this fabulous wonders as magical saucer with an oil apple, which can see the whole world - what it is not "iPhone" with its logo - bitten fruit?A flying carpets, and seven-league boots?But you never know what else ...
However, we are very distracted, it's time to go back to the main topic of this article, which, we recall, the Personal vault Tsar Ivan (iv) the Terrible.
Sources
main written sources of Ancient Russia - a record.Ever since the 19th century began to publish the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles.Everyone could get acquainted with the printed publication, please contact the library.But now work is underway within the framework of the project "Handwritten monuments of Ancient Russia" to transfer it to a digital format, and soon he and the Personal vault Ivan the Terrible, will be posted online for public use.Early stage researchers should be aware that in ancient manuscripts source of information is not only text, but also drawings.This is an illustrated documents.Chief among these acts and facial arch.It consists of ten thousand sheets and seventeen thousand illustrations.
Facial chronicle
This document chronicles the largest-chronological set of ancient Russia.It was created by order of the king in the Alexander settlement in the period from 1568 to 1576 years.Face vault contains a summary of the history of the world from the Creation to the 15th century Russian history, 16 to 67 century.Amosov AA estimated that this ancient artifact consists of ten volumes of a total of 9745 sheets, which are decorated with 17,744 colored miniatures.Historians rightly believed that the King-book contained and eleventh volume.Now he is lost, and this is understandable, because it was a speech about the most controversial periods of Russian history - until 1114.
Facial arch: content
In the first three volumes containing the texts of the biblical books such as the Torah, the book of Judges, Joshua, Samuel and the Book of Ruth, Esther, Daniel.Moreover, they represent the full text of Alexandria, the two stories of the Trojan War ("The Story of the creation and poplenenii Troy" extracted from the "Chronograph Russian" and "History of the destruction of Troy" - translation of the novel by Guido de Columna) and the work of Josephus'History of the Jewish War. "For subsequent world events have served as sources for information work "Chronicler Illinsky and Rome" and "Russian chronograph."
history of Russia facial arch describes in 4-10 volumes, it served as a source of mostly Nikon Chronicle.According to the researchers (eg, Kloss BM), since the events of 1152, in the document there are also additional sources such as a set of Novgorod (1539), a chronicle of the Resurrection, "Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom" and others.
Ancient editing
King-book has a number of edits, is considered (evidence of this, however, is not), that they were made approximately in 1575 on the orders of Ivan the Terrible.Processing of the finished text has affected mainly the period from 1533 to 1568 years.Unknown registry editor made in the margins, some of which contain charges against persons arrested and executed during the oprichnina.
Unfortunately, work on the front of the arch was not finished: some miniatures are made only in the ink sketch, paint them did not have time.
Conclusions
Face of Ivan the Terrible is not only a monument to Russia book art, but also a very important source of historical events: miniatures, despite the convention and rather symbolic nature, provide rich material for research realities of the time.In addition, the study of editorial changes that are made to last volume ("Regal Book"), provides an opportunity to get deeper information about the political struggle posleoprichnogo period.They allow you to try and change the estimate of the king of activities of certain of his associates.As well as new views on the events themselves under his rule.
In conclusion
Through the activities of the Society of ancient history, and now everyone can get acquainted with this priceless artifact.After all, before to gain access to the document it had to be a lot of work, and to get it could only scholars and historians.But today it is available to everyone.All that is needed - you have access to the worldwide network, and you can immerse yourself in the fascinating world of the study of our past.See with your own eyes, lay on the various events their opinion, not ready to read stamps historians who might never even open source.
