electrostatic machine operates as a continuous source of electrical energy.This device is often used as an auxiliary to the various demonstrations of electrical phenomena and effects.But what is its design and features?
bit of history of the invention
influence machines developed in the distant thousand eight hundred sixty-fifth year of Augustus Toepler, German physicist.Interestingly, quite independently of the other experimental scientist Wilhelm Holtz invented a similar design, but even more perfect, as it allowed the machine to obtain high values of potential differences, and could serve as a constant current source.Besides goltsevskaya machine it was much simpler in construction.In the late nineteenth century English experimentalist in the field of electricity and mechanics James Vimshurst improved unit.And today it was his option (albeit a bit more modern) used to demonstrations of electrodynamic experiments due to its ability to create a huge potential difference between the collectors.Electrostatic machine has been improved in the forties of the twentieth century scientist named Joffe, who has developed a new type of electrostatic generator for power X-ray machine.Although the car Vimshursta is not used for direct production of electric energy problem, it is a historical exhibit that illustrates the history of the development of engineering and scientific and technical progress.
influence machine design
This device consists of two discs that rotate towards each other.Work influence machine is precisely the implementation of the double dual rotation.The disks are conductive insulated from each other by segments.With both sides of the plates are formed disc capacitors.That is why the electrostatic machine is sometimes called a capacitor.The disks are converters, which remove the charges from the opposite drive elements on the ground with the help of brushes.Collectors are left and right.That they come combs removed from the back and front disc generated signals.
What Leyden jars?
In many cases, the charges accumulated on the capacitors.They are called banks of Leiden.After this, you can play a much stronger discharges and sparks.The internal electrode of each capacitor connected to conductors separately.Brushes, which relate to sectors on hard drives, combined with inner lining of cans of Leiden.The entire structure is today mounted on plastic stands.Together with leydenovskimi banks of the machine are fixed on a support of wood.Given the visibility of the structure, electrostatic machine with their own hands it can be done quite easily.Even a person who does not have a technical background, it may collect and maintain your pleasure.
What influence machine operation is based?
Using mutual efforts of both drives - this principle is a key in this device.The effect of potential difference, and then discharges and sparks achieved regular arrangement of sectors.Of course, there are developing, and using a blank disc but similar efficiency they are.Such designs are often used in small educational institutions.The distance between the disks in such a device, as the electrostatic machine, plays an important role and have a significant impact on the achievement of the required voltage on the capacitors.
What is the principle of the device?
electrostatic machine since its invention (as it is the beginning of the eighteenth century) has survived many changes.But the basic idea remains.The basis of the design of the machine is a disk with glued plates (metal strips).With a certain mechanical power via a belt drive, they can be rotated in different directions opposite to each other.On the plate of a single disk, the positive charge.He will attract to itself another charge (negative).Positive gone through a conductor with brushes (converter), which relates to the opposite electrode.Turn the dial to get the charges similar to the original.But they will already affect the other electrode.Given that the wheels rotate in opposite directions, the charges are flocking to the collectors.Such a demonstration unit as electrostatic machine, the operating principle is based precisely on this point.On both brushes drives that do not relate to their surface and are on the edges, the charges at some point become so huge that airspace breakdown occurs, and an electric spark jumps.That is why the collectors can be connected to the additional capacitors of different capacities that will give great beauty effect of occurrence of discharge.
