In our country there is a huge number of species of fungi, some of which many people have never even heard of.But fans of "quiet hunting" hunting should be careful, because among the large number of species, many - inedible and poisonous mushrooms.Their classification may be based on the structure, as well as nutritional value.In this article we systematize the mushrooms, based on their nutritional and taste properties.
Classification of fungi
All mushrooms nutritional properties can be divided into three main groups: edible, conditionally edible and inedible (poisonous).
Edible mushrooms depending on what they have a taste, generally fall into four categories.Conditionally edible may contain harmful substances, but they are not allowed to use for cooking after a special treatment (soaking, cooking).A poisonous mushrooms should not be eaten at all.
Edible mushrooms
classification of this type is divided into 4 categories:
- first - mushrooms, which are famous for their taste and does not require special handling.This, of course, white fungus, real milk mushroom and saffron.
- The second category - the mushrooms are also delicious, have a pleasant smell, but inferior in taste and nutrition as an instance of the first category.It includes butter mushrooms, Agaricus campestris, aspen, volnushki, boletus, yellow mushrooms and aspen.
- third category usually includes mushrooms which have average edibility, and collect them only at a time when no valuable fruit took after the first or second category.It includes black mushrooms, Mokhovikov, chanterelles, morels, some types syroezhek.
- The fourth category - mushrooms have high flavor indices, collect them just amateurs.This category includes the meadow and summer honey agaric, rogatik, tinder, oyster, dung.
Conditionally edible mushrooms
classification is that this group includes fruits that contain harmful and bitter substances.In addition, they may have an unpleasant taste or odor.Use them for food only after special treatment, boiling, soaking with the change of water boiling with removal of broth.This group includes volnushki, morels, Lactarius black, lines, and some svinushki syroezhek who have bitterly.For example, russula and morels should be boiled for five minutes, then drain the broth, mushrooms and extinguish, fry or add to soup.
Poisonous mushrooms
Classification poisonous mushrooms mechanism of action and the degree of poisoning following:
- The first group includes fungi that cause local poisoning.For example, they can lead to disturbances in the digestive system.Their action begins about an hour, and the consequences of poisoning may occur about two weeks.If the patient is severely weakened, it may be fatal.This group can be attributed false puffball, some types syroezhek, blewits tiger and others.
- The second group includes mushrooms which affect the human nervous system.The first signs of poisoning may emerge after half an hour.There may be hallucinations, bouts of crying or laughing, disorders of the digestive system, as well as loss of consciousness.These include fungi mushroom, Govorushko, blewits and others.
- third group - it mushrooms plazmotoksicheskim influence on the human body.These toxins are beginning to have their effect within thirty minutes, but the signs of poisoning may only appear on the second day.Even if the time to take all necessary measures for the treatment, death occurs in about 30% of cases.This group includes pale grebe, smelly and spring amanita, volokonnitsy, gall fungus.
Classification edibility of mushrooms is very important, especially if the person is a novice in this business.
