Tundra covers the northern part of Russia and Canada.The nature of her rather meager, and the climate is considered severe.Because of these characteristics, she received another name - Arctic desert.If we consider the geographical location of the tundra, you'll see that this area of the island are located in the Arctic Ocean and the northern part of Russia and Canada.
Location tundra
Arctic desert stretches wide strip along the coast of the Arctic Ocean.Here the climate is different softness and high temperatures, and the nature scarce and stunted.In the tundra winter lasts nine months, and the summer is pretty cool.
low temperatures leads to the fact that the ground freezes and thaws not completely, and only the top layer can melt.In this natural area does not meet the forests and tall trees.This area is rich in swamps, rivulets, mosses, lichens, dwarf shrubs and plants that can survive in such a harsh climate.Their flexible stems and small height perfectly adapted to the piercing cold winds.
over a wide area can be seen glaciers or stone deposits.In the tundra there are many valuable small shallow lakes.Especially it can be seen on the map of Canada, Russia, Finland.The geographical position of the tundra promotes plentiful high water rivers.
What is interesting this northern zone
may be noted heterogeneous geographical position of the tundra.From the north and to the south accrued three subzones.In the Arctic Ocean is an Arctic subzone, then it is replaced by moss-lichen, extends south of the area, consisting of dwarf birch, cloudberry bushes and polar willows.The tundra itself is very beautiful.In summer you can see how it sparkles with bright colors.All thanks to blueberry bushes, blueberries, cranberries, cranberry.
climate in the Arctic deserts
latitude tundra have low annual radiation balance.Winter in this area is long - eight or even nine months.Here there are an unusually beautiful polar night.In cold weather, frost and wind - a usual phenomenon.Winter air temperature in January for the European part of the tundra has figures up to 10 degrees below zero.However, towards the east the climate is continental.Therefore, the temperature can reach -50 in January and below Celsius.
Summer lasts very long, it is cold and windy, there is a long polar day.Typically, the average temperature in July is not more than 4 degrees Celsius, often seen drizzling rain and fog.The geographical position of Russia in the tundra - a zone of the western part of the country and up to the Bering Strait.It takes 1/6 of the entire country.In Siberia there is the greatest distance from north to south.
Severe snowstorms and windstorms - the usual phenomenon in the area.They are so impulsive that they are able to knock down not only rights, but also deer.
What is the tundra in summer
What are the geographical position of the tundra in the summer?At this time of year you can find edible mushrooms and a variety of delicious berries, which extend a colorful carpet, and still can be seen grazing herds of reindeer proud.So they look for their own food in the summer.Deer eat everything they see: lichens, leaves of shrubs.In winter, too, they can find food in the form of reindeer moss.
unique flora
organic world of tundra poor.Tundra-gley soils of this area is hardly fertile as they are completely frozen.Not all plants can survive in harsh conditions of the North, where they so little heat and sunlight.Best of all is settled down lichens and mosses, arctic poppy, black crowberry, raspberry, Loyd later, sedge mechelistnaya, saxifrage, snow buttercup and others.These plants are an unusual treat for the local inhabitants of the wildlife.What other herbs can be observed in this area?About 300 species of flowering and nearly 800 different species of lichens and mosses.
All plants are dwarf.The so-called "forest" you can go just to the knee, and the "trees" are not above the mushroom.The geographical position of the tundra is not suitable for forests, and all because of the constant permafrost, which persists for many years.
Animals tundra
on steep rocky shores can observe rasshumevshihsya birds.The geographical position of the natural tundra for those animals who prefer the sea.A large amount of water - the perfect habitat for waterfowl: geese, ducks, loons.You can find passerines, shorebirds, waterfowl, white geese, peregrine falcons, tundra partridge, skylark.Here you find the reptiles, but of representatives of amphibians can be found frogs.Even the animal kingdom is full of hare, fox, weasels, foxes, wolves, polar bears and brown bears, musk musk oxen, and of course, reindeer.The lakes are rich tundra most diverse fish - salmon, Dalla.
Reindeer - another feature of the arctic desert
They are not only special, but also a symbol, which is proud of tundra.Geographical location for these animals is very comfortable to inhabit.They exist not only in the blown open terrain, but also on the islands of the Arctic Ocean.And it is the only family of hoofed animals that can exist here.Big horn we can observe both in males and females.The main source of supply of reindeer - tundra plants.It lichens (moss), the kidneys, the grass, the small shoots of shrubs.In winter, they can produce plants from under the snow, and the breaking of his hooves.
The coat of deer in the winter is thick and long, well developed undercoat (for heat retention in severe frosts).In summer, it becomes more rare and easy.Summer deer color - from gray to brown.In winter it is largely white.The special structure allows reindeer hooves successfully and quickly move through swamps and deep snow.It is gregarious, and polygamous animals.
In winter they move to places where there are extensive Yagelnaya pastures.A hundred or more kilometers of habitat in the summer - not a problem for the winter migration of reindeer.They are not shedding more than once a year.This animal is sensitive, has a great sense of smell, and even swim.Deer are free to swim the lakes and rivers.
How interrelated components of nature in the area of tundra
If we consider the geographical location of the tundra, it may be noted that in the southern part of the forest begins.So originates tundra.It stretches along the entire southern border of tundra.There is a little warmer - in the summer the temperature reaches 14 degrees Celsius.In the forest receive higher rainfall, which has no time to evaporate.Thus there are wetlands.The main power for the full-flowing rivers is a local slush.The first month of summer - the peak of the flood.Geographical location tundra gradually replaced the forest.
Man has long been to develop the northern area.Gradually the landscape that extends beyond the Arctic Circle, more populated and transformed.Sea fishing - the main occupation of the northern peoples: the Chukchi and Eskimos.Hunting animals laid their local food traditions and style of clothing.Meat of marine life, venison, fish, poultry - the main food.Due to hunting and reindeer herding, fur pelts are obtained and other animals, which are then used as clothing.
The tundra is characterized by tundra
located in the forest-tundra zone between tundra and taiga.In the valleys can already notice a big forest with tall trees.That's different geographical position of tundra and forest tundra.Here can be found between the rivers small islands dwarf trees with lichen cover.The summers are warmer and long.Due to the presence of trees, the wind speed then there is not as much as in the tundra, where the terrain is completely open.
Removal of forest-tundra of the ocean contributes to the harsh winters with strong frosts.Thawed soils much deeper and continuous permafrost is observed only in some areas.The main power of the rivers are also melted snow.
