Why Khrushchev gave the Crimea?This question is asked by many today.In connection with the events of the last few months the newly surfaced and circled in the information space myths of the territorial jurisdiction of the Crimea.Especially actively exaggerated legend of the "royal gift" Nikita Khrushchev.Say it your sole (and therefore illegitimate) solution gave the peninsula to Ukraine.And since then in the mighty Soviet Union boiler property fraternal republics were purely symbolic, the people and said nothing - because all had in common, Soviet.For those interested in historical truth, not political myths, the purpose of which - an ideological substantiation of entering the autonomous republic of the Russian, the analysis of sources.Let's understand why Khrushchev gave Crimea Ukraine, whether he his "gift", and whether it was "a present" enjoyable.
Facts redrawing republican subordination of land in the USSR
Russian historians have often referred to the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine unprecedented act.Say, Khrushchev loved this land and used the anniversary of Pereyaslav Council for favorite country "has grown zemelku."In fact, the act of transfer of the peninsula to the USSR RFSSR had no ideological overtones.The decision was dictated by purely economic motives, economic.And such a transfer was not the only one.For example, in 1924 the Taganrog district of Donetsk province was handed over to Russia.He later became a district of Rostov region.But the vast majority of the population of the district, especially those living in rural areas - ethnic Ukrainians.But back to our peninsula.Why Khrushchev gave Crimea Ukraine?It's not just a piece of land, it is - all-union health resort ... But whether it was the one in 1954?
Myth 1 Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine
In the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, began to talk about it.Some Russian politicians have raised "on the mountain" Crimean issue.They found-in-law of Khrushchev, Alexei Adzhubei, and ordered him, professional journalist, an article based on personal recollections of those events.He fulfilled the order.However, an article entitled "How and why Khrushchev gave Crimea Ukraine.Memories on the same topic, "was a disservice to political strategists.According to the journalist, in 1954, the position of his father in law in the Soviet throne was very shaky.Of course, he was the first secretary of the CPSU, but the country is still runs the Stalinist "hawks" - Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich, Voroshilov, Bulganin.Make serious decisions, and even those that can lead to accusations of sympathy for the national minorities to the detriment of the "great big brother", it would be the part of Khrushchev's very short-sighted.
Myth 2: Khrushchev PRESENTS Crimea to Ukraine
try to reproduce the events of that time.Crimea, like other former under fascist occupation of land, very damaged during the war.But the most terrible were the human losses.The population of the peninsula has been halved, and in 1944 was 780,000 people.Instead of solving the problem of human resources, the Soviet leadership began "ethnic cleansing."Fifty thousand Germans living on the peninsula since the time of Catherine II, evicted in the early days of the war.And after the end of their fate was repeated 250 thousand Crimean Tatars, who were accused of "aiding the invaders."Together with them were deported and ethnic Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians and Czechs.As a result of incompetent policies of the peninsula's economy completely fell.To raise it at least at the level of the pre-war figures, the government instructed the authorities to provide the Ukrainian SSR Peninsula water and energy resources.For them there is not enough.
Myth 3: Ukrainians came all gotovenkoe
Soviet government decided to fill the deserted edge of Russian immigrants who were brought mainly from the northern regions.Many of them are living in the homes of the deported Tatars and were "inherited" their whole household land.Only here the peasants from the Volga region and the Arkhangelsk edge of vine, tobacco, essential-oil plants have seen for the first time.A potato and cabbage bad ascended in the arid climate of the Crimean.As a result of a decade of "managing" the economy of the peninsula has not changed for the better.Completely disappeared this branch of agriculture as a sheep.Crops vineyards decreased by seventy percent and the yield of the gardens was even lower than that of wild trees.That's why Khrushchev gave Crimea Ukraine - from the Ukrainian farmers were accustomed to growing southern fruit and vegetables, and the climatic conditions of Kherson and Odessa region differed little from the steppes of Dzhankoy or Simferopol district.
Background
Yet Khrushchev played a role in the fact that in 1954 there was a significant event - the Crimea to Ukraine.Khrushchev came to the peninsula for half a year before, driven by the idea to plant corn lands of the Soviet Union.He was accompanied in-law, Alex Adjoubei.He recalls: "Nikita Sergeyevich surrounded by a crowd of collective farmers.As the meeting was really a business and not for the record, they talked openly.Farmers have complained that there is not growing potatoes, cabbage wilts, intolerable conditions."We were cheated" - are increasingly heard from the crowd.That evening, Khrushchev went to Kiev.At the meeting in Mariinsky Palace, he urged the Ukrainian authorities to help the suffering people of the peninsula."There needs Southerners who love gardens, corn, and potatoes are not" - he said. "
Myth 4: The illegitimacy "gift»
Some unscrupulous historians argue that the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine by Khrushchev was simply a gift on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Pereiaslav Rada.And because such an act of alienation from the Russian peninsula of land is illegitimate.Consequently, the current annexation of Crimea to Russia - is the restoration of historical justice.But is it?Let us follow the events.In the September 1953 plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party is going.The main theme - the state of agriculture.Head of the Presidium of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers at that time was Malenkov.It is at this meeting it was decided to transfer the peninsula of the USSR, as the economy of the Crimea, and so was already sufficiently integrated into Ukrainian.Six weeks later, in late October 1953, the decision of the Central Committee responded Crimean regional committee.He made a corresponding "initiative from below."Throughout the winter of 1953-1954.It conducted an intensive ideological work.Since the Soviet Union nothing was done without summarizing ideological base, it was decided to coincide with the transfer of the peninsula from one another sister republic to the anniversary of the reunification of the Ukrainian people with the Russian.After passing the "Crimean issue" on all legal instances, February 19, 1954 came the historic event.Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR unanimously adopted a decree on the transfer of the region from the Russian to the Ukrainian Soviet republics.Finally, this decision was confirmed only in April 1954.Therefore, the assertion that Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine, is superficial and historically incorrect.
Effect of transfer
the spring of 1954 began to come to the peninsula and settlers from Ukraine - Kiev, Chernigov and southern regions.The results could be seen for the past five years.It was built in the channel discharge water from the Dnieper River.This irrigation system will bring agriculture peninsula in good condition.Ukrainian SSR, held the world's longest trolleybus line, have built the ruined during the war, Sevastopol, to raise the economy of the steppe Crimea.This is recognized and Soviet newspapers of the time - just look through old filings.Therefore, the question of why Khrushchev gave Crimea to Ukraine, is purely political.History responds to it a little bit differently than modern television.
