Like any serious invention is capable of significantly simplify the life of a man, a bike has undergone many stages of creation.On the first phases of development of the popular today, little is known of the vehicle, or rather, there are different information, most of which are falsification.
Background
history of reinventing the wheel goes back to the emergence of the first wheel, which took about 5-6 thousand years ago.This discovery greatly simplified transport, but over time people have moved to the use of horse traction.As the need for mobility and transport only grew the most inquisitive and innovative mechanics and engineers are thinking about creating something radically new.
first prototype
Now it is very difficult to say in what year invented the bicycle, because for this it is necessary to determine what is considered the first bicycle.About four hundred years ago, the Dutch mathematician Simon Steven came up with seemingly quite impractical idea.He thought about the use of wind power to move the crews, but the implementation of such ideas seemed folly, because it is impossible to determine when the wind is favorable and whether it will at all.
Later, engineers thought that can be used for the transport of their own.The first such vehicle was built in 1685 from watchmaker Nyurnbera Stephen Farflerom.It was a three-wheeled carriage that was used for the movement of the handle, works on the principle of clockwork which had to turn the Rider.
But can rightly be considered the year of the date on which invented the wheel?Hardly, because such devices have appeared everywhere and it is difficult to determine whether this copy of the first.
first Russian prototype
was no exception, and Russia, there are also attempts to create such a device.In 1752, the fortress scientist Leonty Shamshurenkov created something resembling a modern bicycle.This device has been given the name "samobeglaya stroller."
Four decades later, Ivan Kulibin, a well-known engineer, who became the founder of more than 30 successful projects of the various fields of knowledge, invented the three-wheeled "samokatku."This unit effort by a rider pedals were transferred to the wheels through a complex system of levers.It is difficult to say where the bicycle was invented and who was its author, but the first attempts to become a good basis for future discoveries.
Who was the first?
Considering how long and complex history of this has been a popular vehicle right now, researchers and historians can not reach full agreement on this issue.Some think that the first was the genius of the Renaissance master Leonardo da Vinci.After this great artist and inventor left a lot of sketches and models, most of which have not yet been deciphered.At one of these great models of Leonardo painted something similar to the modern bicycle.Maybe we should assume that it was then that began the history of the bicycle?
first copy
official date of establishment of the first instance is considered to be 1808, when the Parisian scientist has created a device consisting of two wheels and connecting them with wooden beams, but this very first instance has had no steering, no pedals.How was the move?Very simple: the rider repelled from the earth underfoot.
This is the first device for movement was significantly modified in five years the German forester Carl von Dreiser, who changed the design, making one of the wheels, and it is the first controlled.
considerable contribution to the development of the bicycle in its present form was a simple improvement of the working Dalzelya who designed gear lever system, so that the work carried out by hand.But as the rider's hand gets tired quickly, Dalzel changed his invention and made sure that all levers moved with the help of the feet.Most likely, this was the moment when the wheel was invented, as close as possible to its modern form.
Achievements Dalzelya did not lead to mass production and use of this device, but only attracted the attention of manufacturers, who saw the bike in the first interesting toys.They decided to add a third wheel for the safety of the child, but the device was still a novelty and it was not widespread.
first steel bike
In 1865, Europe created the first steel bike, the engineers of which were French scientists Michaux and Lallement.However, this wheel device remained wood with an iron rim.In these models, the first wheel was much larger rear (diameter can reach 1.6 meters), so the first such instance was the informal name "Spider".Weight
such products was about 35 kg and the speed to which it could achieve, equal to between 12 and 20 km / h.Contemporaries, who used the device, said that it was quite difficult to manage, even sit on the bike was difficult.
In 1869, at the first bike there is another modification, whose author was an Englishman Cowper.It just added to the basic equipment, ball bearings, will greatly simplify the course of the unit.
When the bicycle was invented in its modern form?
final shape of the device acquired in 1884, when the front and rear wheels of the same size steel.It was initiated by the fact that the front wheel, which was much larger rear, caused many traumatic situations.
new modification has been given the name "bicycle".He quickly gained popularity around the world and the end of the XIX century was already one of the most popular vehicles.
So, summing up, it should be noted that it is difficult to give an exact date of when the wheel was invented, because it has undergone many changes since its inception.Doubtless there is only the fact that his creation had a hand in so many people.I guess we can assume a bicycle collective invention.However, it is not in the least detract from how wide popularity managed to win this vehicle's in such a short period of time.
